Emergence of Successor Representations and Experimental Design. Top: Example of how sequence learning and sleep might change neural representations. Upon encountering a Welsh Corgi, the brain primarily represents the current stimulus entity. If the Corgi is part of a recurring temporal sequence (Corgi → Girl → House), subsequent stimuli (Girl and House) might be integrated into the Corgi representation. Post-learning sleep might provide an opportunity for the brain to replay learned experiences and thereby further strengthen successor representations. Upon post-sleep exposure to a Corgi image (right), brain activation patterns might reflect both the current stimulus (Corgi) as well as learned successors (Girl, House). Faded images indicate weaker representations. Middle: Timeline of the experiment. Participants first completed a perceptual task, followed by a sequence learning task (Memory Arena). Memory for the learned sequence was then assessed both before and after a period of sleep. Finally, participants completed the perceptual task again. Bottom left: Memory Arena sequence design. Participants (N = 26) were tasked with learning the spatiotemporal structure of 50 images. These images belonged to five distinct categories (letter strings, scenes, objects, faces, and body parts) and were organized into 10 subsequences of five images each, following one of two fixed category orders: (i) letter string, scene, object, face, or (ii) object, scene, letter string, face, with body part images randomly inserted to obscure the primary category sequences. The two subsequence types were counterbalanced across participants. Bottom right: Memory Arena location design. The Arena was spatially organized into five principal ‘slices’, with each slice corresponding to one of the five main image categories.
How do experiences reshape our internal representations of the world? @bstaresina.bsky.social &co show that learning sequential experiences reshapes how the #brain represents what we see; a post-learning nap strengthens these predictive changes @plosbiology.org 🧪 plos.io/4dJGwMC
