This is figure 1, which shows ingroup solidarity and outgroup hostility of LLMs and human datasets.
Research in Nature Computational Science shows that large language models exhibit social identity biases similar to humans, having favoritism toward ingroups and hostility toward outgroups. https://go.nature.com/4gjBtku 🧪
New report: European solar sector issues yellow card as market data reveals 92% growth decline and investment slump 17 December 2024 Following several years of over 40% year-on-year growth, a new report from SolarPower Europe warns that 2024 brings only 4% annual growth to the EU solar market. This represents a 92% growth slowdown. The EU installed 66 GW of solar in 2024, inching past 2023’s record of 63 GW. 2024 also marks the first year where annual investment in solar installations in the EU dropped in the 2020s. A decline of 13% to 55 billion EUR is attributed to falling component prices lowering capital expenditure. At national-level, five of 2024’s top ten solar markets installed less solar than in 2023 (Spain, Poland, Netherlands, Austria, and Hungary). The other leading markets, Germany, Italy, France, Greece, and Portugal offered modest growth, with most installing around 1 GW more than they did in 2023. Demand for residential rooftop solar declined in 2024, as the impact of the energy crisis fades. In 2024, new home solar installations decreased by almost 5 GW compared to last year, with 12.8 GW installed. While gas crisis impacts wear off for now, a slower solar forecast in the years to come is credited to wider system challenges. Sluggish electrification rates suppress demand and a lack of energy system flexibility leads to solar curtailment and negative pricing, undermining European energy security and competitiveness.
Again: assuming that solar will grow "exponentially", persistently for decades and without any government intervention due to its sheer technological prowess and ultra-cheapness, is a faulty assumption that is already having some material consequences
www.solarpowereurope.org/press-releas...
I'm recruiting a Research specialist in quantitative methods of technology and policy change. Come join a fantastic team! www.polet.network/blog/researc...
Good post docs are invaluable for any research group. And I would argue also for an individual’s development. We need to reform our academic systems to create space for this.
Is there a multi-model net-zero paper out yet? One that compares pathways towards net-zero across different IAMs? @christoph-bertram.bsky.social @danielhuppmann.bsky.social
Sorry what’s the difference between the left and right panels?
Huge thanks to ERC research and MISTRA Foundation for funding this work!
Applying our method beyond global analysis, we show that both EU Net-Zero Industry target (2030) and EU Industrial Carbon Management Strategy ambition (2040) are 2°C-compatible yet close to the feasibility limits, requiring expansion similar to EU onshore wind in the 2000’s.
Our method for projecting feasible growth of new technologies relies on an inventory of plans & assessment of failure rates, realistic expansion for the acceleration phase, and annual growth for the stable growth phase. Would work well for other new technologies like #hydrogen!
The reliance on CCS technologies in Paris-compatible climate pathways has been gradually declining, but the 1.5°C pathways still require CCS to be upscaled unrealistically fast.
Even if in 2030-2040 CCS achieves 10-fold expansion; and after 2040 keeps adding annual capacity as fast as nuclear power did in the 1980’s, it would only be in-line with 14% of 2°C pathways that store up to 600 GtCO2 by 2100. The entire AR6 ensemble foresees up to 2000 GtCO2.
To assess feasible deployment, we assume that CCS uptake accelerates in 2030-2040 and then continues to grow at peak speed. Fastest acceleration was achieved by solar (10-fold in 2012-2022), while nuclear power had maximum annual additions (1.4% of global electricity in 1984).
After extensive policy and technology learning, technologies tend to ‘take off’ and enter the acceleration phase before growth stabilises and eventually saturates. Success of early projects can lead to CCS ‘take off’ by 2030, but what is the feasible maximum growth post-2030?
We show that in order to deploy CCS as fast as required in 2°C-compatible scenarios, the number of CCS plans should approximately double in 2022-2025 and the failure rate should drop to 45–60%.
Massive use of CCS (carbon capture and storage) is necessary to limit global warming to < 2.5°C and rapid near-term growth is required for 1.5°C and 2°C targets. The current plans are to increase CO2 use eight-fold by 2030, but in the past almost 90% of such plans failed.
Our recent @natureportfolio.bsky.social paper with TKazlou & @acherp.bsky.social argues there is little hope #CCS can grow fast enough for 1.5°C target. The 2°C target is realistic if CCS failure drops fast and CCS expands as fast as mainstream energy technologies. www.nature.com/articles/s41...