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Posts by George Kafetzis

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I am hiring a postdoc for scRNA-seq research in Lund, Sweden on the visual systems of non-model inverts as part of an ERC project on the evolution and ecology of advanced color and polarization vision. Apply here or share the link with someone who may be interested! 🧪

lu.varbi.com/en/what:job/...

1 day ago 36 33 0 1
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New paper out in @cp-neuron.bsky.social 🎉

What determines contextual modulation in V1? Why does the visual surround sometimes facilitate and sometimes suppress a neuron's response to its preferred stimulus?

3 weeks ago 67 31 2 0
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Curvature of the Drosophila corneal lens depends on localized chitin secretion How does the corneal lens in the fly eye acquire its light-focusing shape? This study shows that centrally located cells produce large amounts of chitin to form the thick central corneal lens, while p...

I am excited to share my new paper in @plosbiology.org . Here we show the role of chitin, a polysaccharide, in controlling the shape of the fly corneal lens.

journals.plos.org/plosbiology/...

1 month ago 40 22 3 0

New preprint from the group on the evolution of retinal cell types. Check the summary by Dario @dariotommasini.bsky.social !

1 month ago 16 5 0 0

This is so exciting! Congratulations on the impressive work Dario and team 🎉

1 month ago 2 0 0 0

Inhibitory neurons are among the most transcriptomically diverse class of neurons in the CNS, with some brain regions having 60+ distinct cell types. Do humans share the same repertoire as rodents? Birds? Fish? 1/13

1 month ago 67 26 3 4
Muller glia (green) regulate local retinoic acid signalling to specialise photoreceptor outer segments (magenta)for high acuity visual function

Muller glia (green) regulate local retinoic acid signalling to specialise photoreceptor outer segments (magenta)for high acuity visual function

Excited to share our new manuscript from the Yoshimatsu and MacDonald labs. www.biorxiv.org/content/10.6.... We found that my favourite glial cells can regulate local retinoic acid signalling to specialise cone photoreceptors for high acuity visual function.

1 month ago 34 11 1 1
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After 5 years of developing, a new preprint from the lab - introducing our workflow for comparative insect connectomics, aimed at democratizing connectomics. @erc.europa.eu @lundvision.bsky.social @biologylu.bsky.social Read it here: www.biorxiv.org/content/10.6...

1 month ago 87 42 2 1

We are so lucky in the UK to have access to this unique funding stream, which emphasises bold but ‘quirky’ ideas that are essentially unfundable elsewhere. Key is also the sustained support (up to 5years) because it takes time to do things properly 🙏🏽 .

1 month ago 4 1 0 0
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Happy to see how our collab. paper on the origin of the vertebrate eye is tickling the public interest. Our ongoing shuffle from systems neuro to evo-neuro over recent years continues to be a delight! We are supported by various funders, but I want to point out one in particular: @leverhulme.ac.uk

1 month ago 10 2 1 0

Most certainly- can’t wait!!☺️

1 month ago 1 0 0 0

Thanks so much Vivek!! 🙏 Looking forward to an opportunity to catch up in person!

1 month ago 1 0 1 0

Thanks so much Panagiotis🙏! Looking forward to an opportunity to catch up!

1 month ago 1 0 0 0

Thanks so much Karthik! And for your perspective in the NYT piece!😊

1 month ago 0 0 0 0
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From our new paper out now in @currentbiology.bsky.social: www.cell.com/current-biol... w/ @neurofishh.bsky.social @gkafetzis.bsky.social @denilsson.bsky.social

Looking across animals, the vertebrate eye is an obvious outlier. Why is it so different that other highly visual animals?

1 month ago 110 40 1 2
On the top of the head, the parietal “third eye” of the Mojave fringe-toed lizard (Uma scoparia) illuminates the deep past of the vertebrate retina. In their review in this issue, Kafetzis et al. trace the origin of our eyes to an ancient, composite median visual system predating vertebrates. The retina's layered organization echoes the structure of this ancestral system. Photo credit: Vasilis Karkalas.

On the top of the head, the parietal “third eye” of the Mojave fringe-toed lizard (Uma scoparia) illuminates the deep past of the vertebrate retina. In their review in this issue, Kafetzis et al. trace the origin of our eyes to an ancient, composite median visual system predating vertebrates. The retina's layered organization echoes the structure of this ancestral system. Photo credit: Vasilis Karkalas.

Our latest issue is out!

On the cover, a lizard with its median third eye.🦎

Because you really need three eyes to take in all the diverse biology in this issue... 👁️👁️👁️

www.cell.com/current-biol...

1 month ago 44 6 0 0
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Evolution of the vertebrate retina by repurposing of a composite ancestral median eye The vertebrate retina differs dramatically from that in all other animal eyes. In this review, Kafetzis et al. argue that, before the vertebrates, a series of lifestyle changes in ‘our’ lineage led to...

Paper URL: www.cell.com/current-biol...

1 month ago 4 0 1 0
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Out now in @currentbiology.bsky.social!

A dive into the deep history of vertebrate vision, together with @mikebok.bsky.social, @neurofishh.bsky.social and @denilsson.bsky.social

Photo credit : Vasilis Karkalas

1 month ago 46 22 3 0

Using our bee-tracking drone, we discovered that honey bees 🐝 have highly precise and individual routes. Now published at @currentbiology.bsky.social : doi.org/10.1016/j.cu...

2 months ago 255 119 6 9

I’m very excited to announce that a part of my PhD thesis project is now a preprint! In this paper, we show how spontaneous activity prior to visual experience shapes neural circuits in the retina. (1/11)

2 months ago 43 12 3 1

We are thrilled that our study on the evolution of gene regulation in mammalian cerebellum development – led by @ioansarr.bsky.social, @marisepp.bsky.social and @tyamadat.bsky.social, in collaboration with @steinaerts.bsky.social – is now out in @ScienceMagazine! www.science.org/doi/10.1126/...

2 months ago 93 36 3 6
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Predatory aggression evolved through adaptations to noradrenergic circuits - Nature Noradrenergic circuits support and balance aggressive behavioural states in predatory nematodes, distinguish predatory from non-predatory nematode species and are associated with the evolution of comp...

Why do some worms graze on bacteria while others hunt and kill?
Our study, published today in Nature, reveals how predatory aggression evolved in nematodes.
Led by @gunizgozeeren.bsky.social and @leoboeger.bsky.social across the @jameslightfoot.bsky.social and @monikakscholz.bsky.social labs.

3 months ago 80 35 9 5
ScienceDirect.com | Science, health and medical journals, full text articles and books.

New paper from the lab, led by @ronjabigge.bsky.social, in collaboration with Kentaro Arikawa. We reconcile contrast and spatial processing functions of lamina monopolar cells by integrating 3D morphology, connectivity and neurophysiology in the hummingbird hawkmoth. tinyurl.com/mvnh3325
For more 👇

3 months ago 17 9 1 0
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Retinal processing of natural scenes: challenges ahead While substantial knowledge exists about the way the retina processes simple stimuli, our understanding of how the retina processes natural stimuli re…

How does our visual system process natural scenes ? How can we approach this question ?
Happy to share this recent review written with Samuele Virgili where we ask these questions at the level of the retina.

www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti...

3 months ago 13 4 2 0
Nanodiamonds for spatial resolution benchmarking in two-photon microscopy Reliable and reproducible measurement of spatial resolution is essential for validating and comparing the performance of two-photon microscopy systems. We present fluorescent nanodiamonds as robust, photostable, reusable, and biocompatible probes for benchmarking spatial resolution. Owing to their nanoscale dimensions and stable fluorescence, nanodiamonds act as near-ideal point-like emitters, enabling accurate characterisation of the point spread function across varying imaging conditions. We demonstrate that nanodiamond-based phantoms serve as a reliable alternative to conventional fluorescent beads embedded in agarose, while at the same time offering advantages in stability and optical properties. Our results position nanodiamond phantoms as a next-generation calibration material that bridges ease of use and reproducibility, advancing quantitative imaging and cross-platform comparability in modern fluorescence microscopy. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. Wellcome Trust, https://ror.org/029chgv08, Investigator Award in Science 220277/Z20/Z European Research Council, https://ror.org/0472cxd90, ERC-StG “NeuroVisEco” 677687, ERC AdG “Cones4Action” covered under the UK’s EPSRC guarantee scheme EP/Z533981/1 UK Research and Innovation, https://ror.org/001aqnf71, BBSRC, BB/R014817/1, BBSRC, BB/W013509/1 International Human Frontier Science Program Organization, https://ror.org/02ebx7v45, RGP001/2025 Leverhulme Trust, https://ror.org/012mzw131, PLP-2017-005, RPG-2021-026, RPG-2-23-042 Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine Gdańsk University of Technology, https://ror.org/006x4sc24, Nobelium DEC-4/1/2024/IDUB/I.1a/No, Platinum 1/1/2025/IDUB/I.1B/Pt

1/10 New preprint on bioRxiv
Nanodiamonds for spatial resolution benchmarking in two-photon microscopy

We introduce nanodiamond-based phantoms as a robust, reusable alternative to bead–agarose samples for PSF calibration.

www.biorxiv.org/content/10.6...

3 months ago 6 5 1 0

I am very happy (and a bit scared) to present to you what we have been working on over the last 4 years. This manuscript is exactly what I dreamt of when I started the lab and I could not be happier and prouder of the outcome!

3 months ago 154 63 23 2
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Do direction and orientation preferences form maps in the mouse superior colliculus (SC)?
We examined how motion and orientation tuning are organized in SC neurons and their retinal inputs—and how the retinal topography is transformed by collicular circuits.
tinyurl.com/mr2zt5rm

🧵👇

3 months ago 19 5 1 1
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Ever wanted to know how the visual system of a long distance migratory moth looks like? Then you'll find your answers in our new paper. Finally out, after about a decade of collecting data by a group af amazing co-authors. Find it here, open access: link.springer.com/article/10.1...

4 months ago 63 25 6 3

Nice to see this published, congrats all🎉

4 months ago 0 0 0 0
Schematic of how ER-EPG plasticity enables the bump of activity in EPGs to accurately track visual cues. As a fly makes a counter-clockwise turn (top to bottom) it will view visual cues (e.g. the sun) from a new angle and the EPG activity bump (red) will swing clockwise around the network by integrating self motion signals with these visual inputs. When the fly faces a different angle, distinct visual ER neurons are active. Plasticity forms a trough of weak synapses (large circles - strong synapses, small circles - weak synapses) that allow ER neurons with distinct visual tuning to move the EPG bump via disinhibition.

Schematic of how ER-EPG plasticity enables the bump of activity in EPGs to accurately track visual cues. As a fly makes a counter-clockwise turn (top to bottom) it will view visual cues (e.g. the sun) from a new angle and the EPG activity bump (red) will swing clockwise around the network by integrating self motion signals with these visual inputs. When the fly faces a different angle, distinct visual ER neurons are active. Plasticity forms a trough of weak synapses (large circles - strong synapses, small circles - weak synapses) that allow ER neurons with distinct visual tuning to move the EPG bump via disinhibition.

*First preprint from our lab* !!!!!
How does the brain learn to anchor its internal sense of direction to the outside world? 🧭
led by Mark Plitt @markplitt.bsky.social & Dan Turner-Evans, w/ Vivek Jayaraman:
“Octopamine instructs head direction plasticity” www.biorxiv.org/content/10.6...
Thread ⬇️

4 months ago 145 52 3 4