Graphs comparing the number of birds per 100-m transect, the percentage of branches with bird feces, and the percentage of cherries with vertebrate damage in the presence and absence of American kestrels. The figure shows that the trends for birds per 100-m transect and the percentage of branches with feces are aligned: the presence of kestrels reduces both. The figure shows that in the presence of kestrels, cherry damage is lower. There is the most damage near seminatural cover and in the absence of kestrels.
We found that indeed, when cherry orchards have kestrel nest boxes, they have (1) fewer total birds, (2) lower fecal contamination, and (3) reduced crop damage -- a win-win-win for food safety, crop production, and conservation!