We also mapped inter-cell signals in each immune response & compared them to interactions in disease. This uncovers where drug targets are involved across different stimuli. The data are proving incredibly useful for understanding similarities & differences in immune pathways. Please read & share! 🧪

Led by Oliver Wood & @braithwaiteat.bsky.social , we generated 48hr single-cell profiles from PBMCs treated with standard immunology stimulations. The data lets us directly compare treatments & quickly identify which experiments best reproduce disease biology.

Intra- and intercellular immune responses across diverse in vitro stimuli and inflammatory disease In vitro stimulation of healthy human immune cells is commonly used to reproduce the immune states observed in disease, both to understand pathology and to test therapeutic approaches. However, experiments typically focus on individual cell types and stimuli and a comprehensive cellular comparison of common immunomodulators and their relevance to disease is lacking. To this end, we performed integrated single-cell transcriptomic profiling of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells treated with 11 different common in vitro stimuli, totalling over 150,000 cells from 21 immune cell subtypes. Comparative analysis of the immunomodulations revealed their shared and unique pathways, for instance stimulation via the T cell receptor (anti-CD3, CytoStimTM) and IFN-α induced broad activation signatures including off-target effects across multiple cell types, whereas TNF-α and LPS elicited more specific responses. Ligand-receptor interaction mapping also uncovered the common and distinct intercellular signalling pathways across stimuli. Comparing the stimuli to patient samples enabled identification of specific inflammatory disease features best replicated by each. For example, IFN-α stimulation recapitulated signatures of SLE across cell types, whereas LPS induced SLE-like changes specifically within monocytes. Comparative cell-cell network analysis showed that in vitro stimuli were able to recreate some, but not all, aspects of intercellular interactions upregulated in SLE, highlighting the limitations of these model systems. This resource provides new insights into the similarities and differences of established immune stimuli at cellular resolution and facilitates appropriate use of in vitro systems to study pathways relevant to disease. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest.

🧬 Sharing an exciting new pre-print from the team! We stimulated healthy blood cells with 11 different treatments used in immunology research & created single-cell profiles to compare responses. Hopefully an invaluable resource for immunology/disease researchers 📖 www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...