My main postdoc paper is now out in @natureportfolio.nature.com npj Antimicrobials and Resistance! www.nature.com/articles/s44.... Using flow cytometry, we show that the nucleoside analogues azidothymidine, didanosine, stavudine, and trifluridine reduced transfer of AMR plasmids pCT and pKpQIL (1/3)

Resistencia a antibióticos: hallada nueva clave en plásmidos Ponemos el foco en un estudio que identifica un nuevo mecanismo por el que los plásmidos pueden acelerar la aparición de resistencia a los antibióticos

En #AGolpeDeBit #RTVE, @sanmillan.bsky.social investigador del #CNB @csic.es habla de este estudio liderado junto a Alfonso Santos López @uam.es y en colaboración con Ayari Fuentes #UNAM_MX centrado en el plásmido pOXA-48 de gran interés clínico

📻 ¡No te lo pierdas!

www.rtve.es/play/audios/...

Now out in AEM @asm.org! 🎉🧪

*High school student-isolated mutants 👉🏻 novel genetic causes of biofilm-associated adaptations
*We learn how diversity arises quickly and is maintained
*EvolvingSTEM enables scalable research in classrooms & promotes scientific literacy

journals.asm.org/eprint/FBU9M...

We are pleased to share our last article rdcu.be/fabhM. It offers the most comprehensive analysis so far of Ab+non-Ab resistance genes in human gut microbiome, using an Indigenous population (low industrialization, chronic Hg exposure from gold mining) 6/6👇

Here’s the latest preprint from my work on evolved resistance to Type VI Secretion system (T6SS) weaponry, funded by a @wellcometrust.bsky.social Sir Henry Wellcome Fellowship. So happy to see this out!
www.biorxiv.org/content/10.6...

New preprint alert!!! 🚀🤓 We are very happy to finally share this with the world — the result of seven years of work and a new tool to study integrons and discover new functions encoded in these bacterial platforms.

If you want to know more, here is a thread 🧵
www.biorxiv.org/content/10.6...

New #AMR pre-print
Combining antibiotics with genotoxins can efficiently suppress bacterial in high throughput experimental models.
www.biorxiv.org/content/10.6...
Fun collaboration with Nassos Typas lab led by @mulkern.bsky.social

Gracias Pedro!

Thank you!

Thanks!

Thank you Olaya!

Thank you, Rafa!

Plasfighter: Antibiotic resistance mediated by plasmids YouTube video by Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC)

In this motion we give an overview of the results!

www.youtube.com/watch?v=KbOY...

Plasmids promote antimicrobial resistance through insertion sequence-mediated gene inactivation - Nature Microbiology Inactivation of chromosomal genes through plasmid-encoded IS elements is an extended mechanism of antimicrobial resistance evolution in bacteria.

Final version of our last paper is out!
www.nature.com/articles/s41...

Identifican un nuevo mecanismo utilizado por plásmidos para acelerar la aparición de resistencia a los antibióticos.
@sanmillan.bsky.social @uam.es @csic.es 
Más info en nuestra web: https://f.mtr.cool/pmappovlkt
Artículo en: https://f.mtr.cool/yvxpgzaraz
@natureportfolio.nature.com  
@erc.europa.eu

New preprint on the limits of detecting higher-order interactions in microbial communities.
www.biorxiv.org/content/10.6...
We find that the dominance of additive and pairwise interactions on community function may not reflect biological simplicity, but fundamental limits of statistical detection.

Excited to share our latest work! 📝

We measured the fitness effect of 136 AMR genes and found that many are neutral or even beneficial without selection. 🤯🧬

Oxygen availability can flip their fitness and our stochastic model indicates that oxygen fluctuations help maintain them.

Learn more 👇🏼

New preprint out on bioRxiv!

www.biorxiv.org/content/10.6...

Can conjugative plasmids be used to control plasmid and pathogen spread?

Follow me down the rabbit hole that led to this story 🧵

Great news!! Really looking forward to starting this collaboration

Co-occurrence is associated with horizontal gene transfer across marine bacteria independent of phylogeny Abstract. Understanding the drivers and consequences of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is a key goal of microbial evolution research. Although co-occurring

Now out & nicely formatted in @isme-microbes.bsky.social

A big analysis of ocean genomes & metagenomes co-led by former postdocs, now PIs, @gmdouglas.bsky.social & @cyanophage.bsky.social along with co-PIs @lbobay.bsky.social & Samuel Chaffron.

A few highlights... 🧵 (1/n)

doi.org/10.1093/isme...

So great to finally have such a clear answer to this question!! Well done guys!

Congratulations!!!

PlasAnn: a curated plasmid-specific database and annotation pipeline for standardized gene and function analysis Abstract. Conjugative plasmids are key drivers of bacterial adaptation, enabling the horizontal transfer of accessory genes within and across diverse micro

Big week: welcomed a new baby boy Harris Lopatkin, AND our PlasAnn paper is finally out: academic.oup.com/nar/article/... (obviously the first more important than the second 🥰). Currently on leave but if anyone has the need to annotate large plasmids, go check it out!

Plasmid mutation rates scale with copy number | PNAS Plasmids are extrachromosomal DNA molecules that spread by horizontal transfer and shape bacterial evolution. Plasmids are typically present at mul...

New paper out in PNAS!!! 🎉

Do more plasmid copies mean faster evolution?

🧵 Dive into the story

www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/...

New paper out in @pnas.org, and it made the cover! 👁️

We represent plasmids as circles and mutations as dots, resembling an eye, because in this paper we literally 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑐ℎ plasmids evolve.

‼️Check Paula’s 🧵 and the paper👇

𝗣𝗹𝗮𝘀𝗺𝗶𝗱 𝗺𝘂𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗲𝘀 𝘀𝗰𝗮𝗹𝗲 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝗰𝗼𝗽𝘆 𝗻𝘂𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿
www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/...

Novel genes arise from genomic deletions across the bacterial tree of life www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01...

Growth control as a central regulator for tuning the cellular context The cellular context interacts with genetic circuits, decisively defining their performance. However, contextual dependencies (the interplay between the host and the circuit) are often difficult to en...

Preprint out! By controlling growth, via RNAP, we control the entire cellular machinery, and tune the cellular context into distinct, stable states. See how NOT gates behave! Kudos to @angeles-hg.bsky.social and @mirobueno.bsky.social

🔗www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12...

Plasmid streamlining drives the extinction of antibiotic resistance plasmids under selection for horizontal transmission Conjugative plasmids play an important role in the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes among pathogenic bacteria. This study shows that AMR loss in evolving populations is associated with t...

Our story on plasmid streamlining is now published in PLoS Biology! With @andrewmatthews.bsky.social and @sonjalehtinen.bsky.social
#MicroSky #Mevosky
journals.plos.org/plosbiology/...

2 out of 3 😉

Last week, we hosted the XXXIII CNB Scientific Workshop.

We are delighted to announce this year’s award winners:

🏆 Best Postdoctoral Talk: Alicia Calvo-Villamañán
🏆 Best PhD Talk: Silvia López Borrego
🏆 Best Poster: Jorge Sastre Domínguez

Congratulations to all!

#CNB_CSIC