Multimerizing transcription factors FOXP3 and AIRE as chromatin architectural regulators - Nature Immunology Hur and colleagues review recent developments to provide insights into the molecular mechanisms and regulatory functions of the transcriptional regulators FOXP3 and AIRE.

NEW REVIEW
Sun Hur and colleagues summarize recent advances into FOXP3 and AIRE. Read it here: 
www.nature.com/articles/s41...

A unique CD4⁺ T cell subset expressing granzyme K is regulated by transcription factor EOMES and important for T cell-mediated intestinal inflammation Nature Immunology - Xie et al. identify a distinct subset of CD4+ helper T cells expressing EOMES and granzyme K in both mice and human models of colitis.

Xie and colleagues describe a population of CD4⁺ T cells that expresses granzyme K and drives intestinal inflammation. Read it here: rdcu.be/fcdg6
www.nature.com/articles/s41...

Blood vessel-resident macrophages safeguard blood and vessel integrity in zebrafish Nature Immunology - Robin and colleagues describe a population of blood vessel-resident macrophages that function within the vasculature to maintain vascular and blood homeostasis in zebrafish and...

Weijits et al identify blood vessel-resident macrophages that clear foreign particles and unfit cells and act as first responders to endothelial damage. Read it here: rdcu.be/fcddM
www.nature.com/articles/s41...

Our April issue is online, read it here:
www.nature.com/ni/volumes/2...

Our March issue is now live.
www.nature.com/ni/volumes/2...
www.nature.com/ni/

Applications are now open for the 2027 Vilcek Prize in Creative Promise in Biomedical Science. The Vilcek Prizes for Creative Promise support immigrant professionals who have demonstrated exceptional early career achievements in their fields. For more information, see
vilcek.org/prizes/vilce...

Interested in Innate Immunity? Meet with like-minded immunologists at the 21st Innate Immunity Aegean Conference in Sissi, Crete. Registration is open until 28th February. See www.aegeanconferences.org/src/App/conf...

Our February issue is now live!

www.nature.com/ni/volumes/2...

Congratulations to Fred Ramsdell, Mary Brunkow and Shimon Sakaguchi - the 2025 Winners of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. #Treg_cells #Foxp3 #Immune_regulation

Thrilled to make the cover of @natimmunol.nature.com this month.

A version of this warhol-inspired image has been in my head almost since we first conceived this Tfh diversity project (many, many years ago) @wehi-research.bsky.social

Check out the August issue of Nature Aging featuring a focus on immune aging. See www.nature.com/nataging and rdcu.be/eC58o

TNF and type I interferon crosstalk controls the fate and function of plasmacytoid dendritic cells Nature Immunology - Plasmacytoid dendritic cells are type 1 interferon (IFN-I)-producing antiviral specialists that have been shown to be able to differentiate into conventional dendritic cells....

Idoyaga and colleagues suggest that pDCs can lose the ability to secrete IFN-I and acquire the transcriptional, epigenetic and functional features of cDCs. Read it here: rdcu.be/eBB5e
www.nature.com/articles/s41...

TCF19 drives a broad transcriptional program that potentiates optimal innate and adaptive functions of antiviral NK cells - Nature Immunology Sun and colleagues report that the transcription factor TCF19 regulates calcium signaling and cell cycling progression in NK cells and is required for innate and adaptive NK cell responses to viral in...

Sun and colleagues show that the transcription factor TCF19 drives a transcriptional program that coordinates both innate and adaptive NK cell responses against viral infection. Read it here:https://rdcu.be/eBB3K
www.nature.com/articles/s41...

Cathepsin L-dependent positive selection shapes clonal composition and functional fitness of CD4+ T cells Nature Immunology - Klein and colleagues show that the lysosomal cysteine protease cathepsin L shapes the diversity and optimizes the fitness of clones that enter the CD4+ T cell repertoire.

Klein and colleagues find that cathepsin L shapes CD4+ T cell selection by promoting full repertoire diversity and fine-tuning CD4+ T cell functionality. Read it here: rdcu.be/etDy2
www.nature.com/articles/s41...

Succinate drives gut inflammation by promoting FOXP3 degradation through a molecular switch Nature Immunology - Fang and colleagues show that the metabolite succinate can inhibit succinylation, and consequently protection from ubiquitin-mediated degradation, of the transcription factor...

Fang and colleagues find that succinate can suppress Foxp3 expression and enhance colitis severity. Read it here: rdcu.be/etDuE
www.nature.com/articles/s41...

PD-1 receptor deficiency enhances CD30+ Treg cell function in melanoma Nature Immunology - Here the authors show that PD-1 controls coinhibitory receptor expression by Treg cells. The absence of PD-1 expression could induce CD30 expression, thereby enhancing Treg...

Amarnath and colleagues find that PD-1 controls coinhibitory receptor expression in Tregs. Read it here: rdcu.be/etDtN
www.nature.com/articles/s41...

We Stand Up for Science!!!

A single-cell spatial chart of the airway wall reveals proinflammatory cellular ecosystems and their interactions in health and asthma Nature Immunology - Here, the authors use single-cell spatial transcriptomics to profile the airway wall landscape in health and during asthma. Discrete proinflammatory ecosystems containing...

Joulia et al use single cell spatial transcriptomics to profile the lung in health and during asthma and identify discrete proinflammatory spatial niches that produce alarmins and chemokines. Read it here: rdcu.be/epjN7
www.nature.com/articles/s41...

Cholinergic regulation of thymocyte negative selection Nature Immunology - Acetylcholine–α9 nAChR signaling regulates thymic negative selection.

Mak and colleagues find that double positive thymocytes express α9 nicotinic ACh receptors and these control negative selection. Read it here: rdcu.be/epjNm
www.nature.com/articles/s41...

Bat organoids reveal antiviral responses at epithelial surfaces Nature Immunology - Kellner et al. develop respiratory and intestinal organoids from Rousettus aegyptiacus to show elevated basal expression of interferon-ε (IFNε) and IFN-stimulated...

Penninger and colleagues developed bat respiratory and intestinal organoids and find there are type I and III IFN responses to viruses, including Marburg virus. Read it here: rdcu.be/epjMK
www.nature.com/articles/s41...

Congratulations to all of the trainee awardees at the recent Aegean Conference on Innate Immunity. Well done all!!!

GFI1-driven transcriptional and epigenetic programs maintain CD8+ T cell stemness and persistence - Nature Immunology Belz and colleagues show that GFI1, a transcriptional repressor that recruits histone-modifying enzymes, is necessary for the generation and maintenance of stem cell memory CD8+ T cells.

Chaudhry et al show that the transcriptional repressor GFI1 is required for the generation and maintenance of stem cell memory CD8+ T cells. Read it here:
www.nature.com/articles/s41...

Immune–epithelial–stromal networks define the cellular ecosystem of the small intestine in celiac disease Nature Immunology - FitzPatrick et al. use single-cell RNA and spatial transcriptomics to dissect the immune microenvironments within the small bowel mucosa in celiac disease.

Paul Klenerman and colleagues combine single cell and spatial transcriptomics to provide a resource of the immune environment in adults and children with celiac disease. Read it here: rdcu.be/el8rn
www.nature.com/articles/s41...

Mucosal unadjuvanted booster vaccines elicit local IgA responses by conversion of pre-existing immunity in mice Nature Immunology - Iwasaki and colleagues show that an intranasal booster with an unadjuvanted recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, after intramuscular immunization with an mRNA vaccine encoding...

Iwasaki and colleagues show that mucosal vaccine boosters can induce protective immune responses without any adjuvant by retooling lymph node resident memory B cells with memory T cells acting as a natural adjuvant. Read it here: rdcu.be/elTur
www.nature.com/articles/s41...

Inhibition of ENT1 relieves intracellular adenosine-mediated T cell suppression in cancer Nature Immunology - Metabolites in the tumor microenvironment, including adenosine, have been shown to suppress anti-tumor immune responses. Here, the authors show that T cell expression of...

Sanders et al find that T cells in the tumor can take up adenosine via ENT1 and this suppresses their anti-tumor response, ENT1 inhibition combined with anti-PD1 could control tumor growth in models resistant to immune checkpoint blockade. Read it here: rdcu.be/elTq8

www.nature.com/articles/s41...

This is figure 1, which shows a comparison of injectable and mucosal vaccines.

A Review in Nature provides an overview of progress and future directions in the development of nasally administered vaccines for respiratory infections. go.nature.com/44PuKMr #medsky 🧪

a yellow sign that says we 're hiring ALT: a yellow sign that says we 're hiring

Exciting news...Nature Methods is hiring a new editor! This exciting and dynamic role will be shared with the Nature Research Cross-Journal Editorial Team.

Apply here by June 1!
springernature.wd3.myworkdayjobs.com/SpringerNatu...

On the Covid SARS-CoV-2 variant front, new CDC update today
—LP.8.1 furthers its dominance
—No new emerging one of concern (some increase in XFC noted and will keep an eye on that)
—good, important for these reports to continue

Our application for the 2026 Vilcek Prizes in Creative Promise is now open through June 9th!! This year, we will be awarding 9 immigrants $50K prizes in Biomedical Science, Fashion & Culture, and Fashion & Design. Learn more and apply! vilcek.co/3FgJWYb

Join me at the @aai.org ASPIRE awards symposium and networking in room 312 starting now with @cobarnes27.bsky.social @guthmillerjenna.bsky.social and Mohammad Arifuzzaman #AAI2025