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Posts by Kevin Tobia

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🇪🇺🏳️‍🌈⚖️🇭🇺 A legal earthquake - CJEU finds Hungary to have violated EU law on multiple counts with its anti-LGBT+ legislation (as expected) but also for the first time in history, in an EU law-reshaping precedent, finds Hungary to violate Art 2 TEU in a self-standing manner.

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Lawrence and Nevitt on the Two-Year Clause and Military Appropriations Matthew B. Lawrence and Mark Nevitt (both Emory University School of Law) have posted Reviving the Military’s Term Limit (G.W. L. Rev. (forthcoming)) on SSRN. Here is the abstract: This Article argues for the revival of a dormant constitutional safeguard that the Framers intended to keep the military accountable to the people. The safeguard is the Constitution’s forgotten Two-Year Clause, which prohibits Congress from appropriating funds “to raise and support Armies” for a period longer than two years.

Lawrence and Nevitt on the Two-Year Clause and Military Appropriations

Matthew B. Lawrence and Mark Nevitt (both Emory University School of Law) have posted Reviving the Military’s Term Limit (G.W. L. Rev. (forthcoming)) on SSRN. Here is the abstract: This Article argues for the revival of a…

5 days ago 5 6 0 3
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Announcing my latest law review article, Law-Policy Tethering, will be published in Iowa Law Review. The Supreme Court is transforming the law-policy relationship, with big implications for health, environment, labor, and voting. Judicial review is too strict & too deferential. (1/2)

4 days ago 24 13 2 1
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Teaching Case Studies In 2025, the LLIRN ran its first internship program, with the goal of developing a set of peer-informed resources to support those wishing to incorporate a law and language focus into their teachin…

We now have a complete set of teaching case studies on our law and language website! 🤗🥳

These case studies share the experience of 8 Australian academics who have incorporated a law and language focus into their teaching, across diverse, units, disciplines and universities.

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Orbán turns out to be more of a democrat than the U.S. president and a nontrivial number of GOP candidates.

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Download of the Week: “Historical Practice Theories” by Ahmed The Download of the Week is Historical Practice Theories by Ashraf Ahmed. Here is the abstract: Contemporary constitutional law and theory is preoccupied with the question of practice. Over the last decade, across a range of issues—from gun rights to elections to school prayer to the structure of the administrative state—the Supreme Court has decided cases on the basis of past practice.

Download of the Week: “Historical Practice Theories” by Ahmed

The Download of the Week is Historical Practice Theories by Ashraf Ahmed. Here is the abstract: Contemporary constitutional law and theory is preoccupied with the question of practice. Over the last decade, across a range of issues—from…

1 week ago 4 4 0 0
Indigenous Constitutionalism - Harvard Law Review By standard accounts, there are fifty-four constitutions across the federal, state, and territorial governments of the United States. But in fact, there are 230 other governmental constitutions that currently govern peoples and territories within the United States. These constitutions not only flow from a sovereignty that existed prior to the United States but also came out of a legal movement that asserted its independence from both the U.S. Constitution and state constitutions. This Article tells the story of these constitutions — the constitutions of Native nations.

Honestly still in shock by its placement, but my article (and job talk paper), “Indigenous Constitutionalism,” is officially out in the Harvard Law Review. A brief thread on this project🧵

harvardlawreview.org/print/vol-13...

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Grateful to Professor @lsolum.bsky.social for sharing our work - and for the "Download it while it's hot!" accolade!

1 week ago 2 2 0 0
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There's more in the paper, e.g. the results vary by participant race and politics. And the results do not clearly support increasing AI-based legal procedures. They highlight risks of "humanwashing": superficial human-in-the-loop interventions may satisfy concerns about perceived procedural justice.

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In a new paper with Ben Chen, Yoan Hermstrüwer, Pascal Langenbach, and Alexander Stremitzer, we find that even minimal human oversight substantially decreases the gap: When a judge retains final authority, AI procedures are rated as no less fair than purely human adjudication.

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The worry about perceived procedural justice is common. Justice Roberts's 2023 year-end report cited the perceived "human-AI fairness" gap as a concern about AI-use in the judiciary.

www.supremecourt.gov/publicinfo/y...

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Mitigating the Judicial Human-AI Fairness Gap When algorithms make legal decisions, people perceive the process as less fair than when humans do — a phenomenon known as the judicial human-AI fairness gap. W

Prior studies have found that people perceive AI-led legal processes as less fair than human-led ones. This is the legal "human-AI fairness gap."

New studies (N = 7,651) discover that this gap is mitigated with even minimal human involvement in the AI process.

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers....

1 week ago 3 2 1 0

Two weeks to remove him. Now.

2 weeks ago 6546 1279 97 47

Important thread and paper. This is one of my biggest worries about chatbots, especially when combined with roleplay and any kind of user-chatbot "relationship." And now imagine persuasion for politics and other topics, not just purchasing choices...

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Whatever happens, this is a deeply shameful episode in American history that will leave a permanent stain on the country.

Repeatedly vowing to commit war crimes against millions of innocent civilians is beyond the pale.

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This is a threat to commit an atrocity crime of extraordinary proportions.

The statement appears to be designed to spread terror among the Iranian population, which would render the threat itself a violation of international law, as recognized in the DoD Law of War Manual.

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Republicans in Congress support this.

It’s that simple

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Trump has done many terrible things over the past decade.

He deliberately created anxiety, fear, and instability.

But today's dread feels different.

He is threatening a different order of terror. Mass war crimes. Countless civilian deaths.

Will the date April 7, like Dec. 7, live in infamy?

2 weeks ago 56 18 5 0

Jamal's right: The story here isn't Trump; this is entirely consistent with what everyone's known about him for many years. The story is the complete degradation of a major political party.

That said, committing war crimes & violating the Establishment Clause all in a single tweet is impressive.

2 weeks ago 1382 314 15 6

Constitutional lawyer here. I don't think it would violate the Constitution for the VP/Cabinet to invoke the 25th Amendment, but the intended constitutional remedy for this behavior is impeachment & removal. The fact that that remedy is politically impossible is a scandal and a crisis.

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Linguistics and Textualism Should linguistics inform textualism? When legal theories make claims about another discipline’s subject, that discipline is often illuminating: History impacts

Originalist debates often draw on historical analysis.

Yet in statutory cases, textualist decisions--and critiques of them--rarely draw on linguistics.

Linguistics can and should inform debates about textualism: papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers....
(with @bwal.bsky.social)

3 weeks ago 14 6 0 0

The lane is open for a 2028 candidate to pledge to accept jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court

1 month ago 80 21 2 0
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It was one thing for Congress to sign off on Bondi before it knew how DOJ would be weaponized, and entirely a different thing for it to blindly approve whoever Trump nominates to replace her now that it has notice of what DOJ is capable of. They better take their job seriously.

2 weeks ago 13 5 3 1
The <i>Chadha </i>Presidency <p><span>Where is Congress? Why hasn’t it reined in some of the worst abuses of the Trump Administration? This Article argues that a significant part of the ans

If folks are interested, I've just posted an updated draft of The Chadha Presidency, with revisions accounting for the Supreme Court tariffs case, Iran WPR resolutions of disapproval, and more. ssrn.com/abstract=536...

2 weeks ago 75 25 3 1
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Over 100 International Law Experts Warn: U.S. Strikes on Iran Violate UN Charter and May Be War Crimes Over 100 international law experts sign letter on Iran War, UN Charter, and international humanitarian law.

As those with Constitutional responsibilities (looking at you Congress) are flailing in the face of illegal actions by the Executive, I'm proud to be part of this professional community, willing to come together to give voice to the rule of law: www.justsecurity.org/135423/profe...

2 weeks ago 15 7 2 5

The *majority* of philosophy papers now cite at least some empirical data. Papers that do purely a priori philosophy are in a minority

3 weeks ago 55 17 1 1
Linguistics and Textualism Should linguistics inform textualism? When legal theories make claims about another discipline’s subject, that discipline is often illuminating: History impacts

Originalist debates often draw on historical analysis.

Yet in statutory cases, textualist decisions--and critiques of them--rarely draw on linguistics.

Linguistics can and should inform debates about textualism: papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers....
(with @bwal.bsky.social)

3 weeks ago 14 6 0 0

Social movement scholar here to comment on No King again. a 🧵:

These protests are important b/c:

1.) as sustained image events, protests offer evidence of continued disapproval of the direction the country is going and disavowal of the country's leadership.

3 weeks ago 3582 1353 43 124

My colleague, Felipe, always knocks it out if the park. So nice to see his work highlighted on Solum’s blog.

3 weeks ago 9 2 1 0

Birthright citizenship is not my lane, but I sometimes get this critique re legitimation when I write about the Second Amendment. It seems to me—among other things—to ignore the reality that legal arguments & historical analysis can often *themselves* significantly affect the “political dynamics”.

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