Read the comments above about the distinction between jus ad bellum (that the war wasn’t justly started) and jus in bello (what actions are justified once a war has begun). The blockade is legal, even if the war isn’t.

Rerum Novarum was on Leo XIV’s mind when he chose his name.

I own a copy, but I can’t remember whether I’ve actually played a game. I know that there was one TSS game day where someone GMed using those rules.

What rules did you use?

I’d say no, but Adam I. P. Smith argues in The Stormy Present that antebellum Americans tended to describe themselves as conservative. So it wasn’t a war between competing conservative ideologies, although it was one between political coalitions that valued conservatism as a touchstone.

Its use in the 1983 USCCB pastoral letter, The Challenge of Peace, was a landmark, and it helped to frame the US justification for the 1991 Gulf War.

Or Gregory VII or Boniface VIII? And that’s just looking at the greatest hits of papal spats with monarchs from the High Middle Ages! Stephen II’s alliance with the Franks was also a major event in medieval geopolitics.

Ah, so this was issued during his tour of the US.

I’m curious how you treat nativism when teaching the 1850s. I’ve been neck-deep in the topic, finishing a paper for this year’s American Political History Conference that looks at the Know Nothings in 1854 and 1855 from a different angle.

On the contrary: waxing eloquent!

The winged victory holding Lady Liberty’s torch is a bizarre touch.

In Minnesota, wouldn’t it be walleyeing?

You might even say that the author was laboring to make a point.

I imagine that you’ve read Cynthia Nicoletti’s Secession on Trial, which examined the complications of even so seemingly obvious a case as Jefferson Davis.

There are also echoes of Stalin’s “how many divisions” quote.

I hope that you plan an episode with Wenger when the podcast resumes.

So if there was any influence, it would need to be the other way around. The memorial at Montfaucon employs more of a Greek revival style, with Art Deco graphic elements.

1937, according to the Wikipedia page. It wasn’t something that I thought to note when I visited in 2018.

Does it deliberately echo the Meusse-Argonne American Memorial at Montfaucon?

You’d best not get into any arguments with the master-at-arms.

I hear that he pancaked on arrival.

I image that’s what Ben must have meant.

They were excluded from a Protestants-only Good Friday service at the Pentagon.

This reminds me of the legend of St. Eustace, who saw a vision of Christ between the antlers of a stag that he was hunting. A Canterbury mural of this episode helped to inspire Russell Hoban’s brilliant post-apocalyptic novel, Riddley Walker.

Better or worse than Andrew Johnson’s Swing Around the Circle speaking tour?

Lafayette, you aren’t here!

A lot of hemming and hawing.

Municipal housekeeping! It’s one of my favorite GAPE club women concepts.

I think that Paul Johstono just answered my question: it was on the Marian reforms. Were you attacking zombie ideas about them?

@bretdevereaux.bsky.social, what was the presentation on?

You now have me rethinking the slide deck for my American Political History Conference presentation.