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Declines were smaller for White (2.4 years) and Asian people (2.1 years). These declines widened gaps in life expectancy for AIAN and Black people compared to White people and reduced the advantage in life expectancy experienced by Hispanic people relative to White people.
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Between 2019 and 2021, AIAN people experienced a decline of 6.6 years in life expectancy, the largest across racial and ethnic groups during that period, followed by Hispanic people at 4.2 years and Black people at 4.0 years.
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Amid the COVID-19 pandemic life expectancy declined by 2.7 years and racial and ethnic disparities widened between the years 2019 and 2021 (Figure 1).
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Separate data were not reported for Asian, AIAN and NHPI people for this period. In 2018 and 2019, life expectancy remained relatively stable overall and across groups (Appendix Table 1).
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When life expectancy reached its peak in 2014, life expectancy for Black people was more than three years shorter than White people (75.3 vs. 78.8 years), and Hispanic people had a longer life expectancy at 82.1 years.
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While gains in life expectancy were experienced across racial and ethnic groups, Black people have consistently had a lower life expectancy than White people, and Hispanic people have had a longer life expectancy.
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Prior to COVID-19, life expectancy generally increased, with a peak in 2014 followed by small declines, with racial disparities persisting throughout.
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This analysis focuses on differences in life expectancy by race and ethnicity overall, but within racial and ethnic groups there is variation by these other factors.
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In 2024, life expectancy for women in the U.S. was 4.9 years higher than for men (81.4 years vs. 76.5 year, respectively), and similar gender disparities persisted within racial and ethnic groups.
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For example, in the U.S. and all other comparable countries, men tend to have shorter life expectancy at birth than women.
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Differences in life expectancy occur across a broad range of dimensions which often intersect with each other, including race, socioeconomic status, gender, geography, and other characteristics.
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Life expectancy is one of the most used measures of population health, enabling comparisons in health status between countries, states, local communities, and demographic groups.
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Life expectancy at birth represents the average number of years a group of infants would live if they were to experience throughout life the age-specific death rates prevailing during a specified period.
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immigrants to the U.S. Measures of life expectancy for Asian people may mask underlying differences among subgroups of the population who vary across health access and social and economic factors.
Trends in Life Expectancy by Race and Ethnicity
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Notably, Hispanic people have longer life expectancy than their White counterparts despite facing inequities typically associated with poorer health outcomes, which researchers have hypothesized may stem from better outcomes for some subgroups, particularly recent
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Multiple factors contribute to racial and ethnic differences in life expectancy, including differences in health insurance and access to care and social and economic factors that influence health. Some life expectancy patterns are not fully understood.
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Although falling COVID-19 mortality was the primary contributor to the recent increase in life expectancy across groups, other contributors varied by race and ethnicity.
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• The increases in life expectancy were largely driven by the decline in COVID-19 deaths, which disproportionately impacted groups of color during the pandemic.
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Life expectancy was highest for Asian people at 85.2 years. Data were not available for Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander (NHPI) people.
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• Despite these increases, life expectancy was lowest for AIAN people at 70.1 years, followed by Black people, whose expectancy was 74 years as of 2023. In comparison, life expectancy was 78.4 years for White people and 81.3 years for Hispanic people.
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American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) people experienced the largest increase in life expectancy of 4.5 years during this time, followed by Hispanic (3.5 years) and Black people (2.8 years).
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While overall life expectancy data are available through 2024, the latest available data by race and ethnicity are as of 2023. Key takeaways include:
• There was an increase in life expectancy between 2021 and 2023 across all racial and ethnic groups.
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This analysis examines trends in life expectancy between 2021 and 2023 by race and ethnicity as well as the drivers of life expectancy and leading causes of death by race and ethnicity. It is based on KFF analysis of National Center for Health Statistics data.
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While life expectancy is improving in the U.S., with 2024 estimates showing a return to pre-pandemic rates, racial and ethnic disparities persist.
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Following the record declines in life expectancy amid the COVID-19 pandemic, life expectancy in the U.S. has rebounded but remains lower than that of comparable countries. Chronic diseases, homicide, and substance use disorders contribute to the U.S.’ lower life expectancy.
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Figure 1 Life Expectancy at Birth Increased Across All Race and Ethnicity Groups In Recent Years, Erasing the Declines Experienced During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Racial Disparities in Life Expectancy
Racial Disparities in Life Expectancy
Authors: Nambi Ndugga, Latoya Hill, and Samantha Artiga
Summary
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The organization provides a unified voice on key policy matters, supports the advancement of tribal sovereignty, and works to protect the rights, traditions, and interests of tribal nations.
ctnewsjunkie.com/202...
https://www.ncai.org/
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at the state and federal levels.
NCAI was established in 1944 and is the oldest and largest organization representing tribal governments across the United States.
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