This gilded cartonnage, or mummy case, made from layers of linen and plaster, once covered the head and chest of a mummified woman. She wears a draped garment pulled over her head in a veil in Roman style, and wears an elaborate Roman style coiffure. Her fringed shawl or himation is tied at her breast in the style of devotees and priestesses of the Egyptian goddess Isis, and she is adorned with earrings, necklaces (formerly inlaid with glass, faience, and/or semiprecious stones throughout), and snake bracelets and armlets. The flowers and wheat in her hands also connect her to the goddess Isis, while the use of gold links her to the sun's daily rebirth - the gods themselves were said to have gold skin. She stares out at us with inlaid eyes of opaque colored glass; the dramatic lining of her eyes and her eyebrows are made with blue faience, imitating lapis lazuli. The front is mostly gilded, but the rose petal funerary wreath in her hand and the sides of her head are painted.
Her hairstyle is also a mix of Roman and Egyptian elements. It's basically a Trajanic style, but the curls framing her face and corkscrew locks above her ears are in accordance with an Romano-Egyptian style popular during the latter years of the 1st century CE.
Under Roman rule, Egyptians often chose burial features that emphasized either Roman or Egyptian identities - or both, as seen here.
Egyptian, Roman Period, 1st century CE, possibly from Hawara.
Brooklyn Museum, New York (69.35)
This 1st c. CE gilded cartonnage (mummy case, a mix of linen and gesso) of a woman shows an incredible blend of Egyptian, Greek, and Roman cultures. The gold is traditional Egyptian, linked to the sun's daily rebirth, showing her hope of rebirth in the afterlife. 🏺 1/
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