Apis indica (Honey Bee) The Indian honey bee, Apis indica, is a subspecies of the Asian honey bee. In India, Pakistan, Nepal, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and mainland Asia, it is one of the most common bees encountered and domesticated. It is perfect for beekeeping because it is generally non-aggressive and seldom displays swarming behavior. It resembles the European honeybee (Apis mellifera), which is immediately identifiable and tends to be slightly larger.

Apis indica (Honey Bee)

The Indian honey bee, Apis indica, is a subspecies of the Asian honey bee. In India, Pakistan, Nepal, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and mainland Asia, it is one of the most common bees encountered and domesticated. It is perfect for beekeeping because it is…

Melolontha (Beetle) The genus Melolontha belongs to the Scarabaeidae family of beetles. This genus includes the European cockchafers. Insects classified as beetles belong to the superorder Holometabola and the order Coleoptera. They differ from most other insects in that their first pair of wings are hardened into wing-cases, or elytra. With over 400,000 recognized species, the Coleoptera is the largest of all orders, accounting for nearly 40% of reported arthropods and 25% of all known animal species.

Melolontha (Beetle)

The genus Melolontha belongs to the Scarabaeidae family of beetles. This genus includes the European cockchafers. Insects classified as beetles belong to the superorder Holometabola and the order Coleoptera. They differ from most other insects in that their first pair of wings…

Moth Moth belong to the order Lepidoptera, which also includes butterflies. Moths are distinguished by their dark or dull-patterned wings. The group is paraphyletic with regard to butterflies (suborder Rhopalocera), and neither subordinate taxon is used in current classifications. Previously, they were classed as suborder Heterocera. The great majority of the order consists of moths. Moths have over 160,000 species, many of which are yet unidentified.

Moth

Moth belong to the order Lepidoptera, which also includes butterflies. Moths are distinguished by their dark or dull-patterned wings. The group is paraphyletic with regard to butterflies (suborder Rhopalocera), and neither subordinate taxon is used in current classifications. Previously, they…

Cicada Cicada have membranous front wings, short antennae, and prominent eyes spaced widely apart. In most species, their drum-like tymbals quickly buckle and unbuckle to generate an incredibly loud song. Current species of Cicadomorpha can be found worldwide in moderate to tropical regions; the earliest known fossils date back to the Upper Permian. Usually found in trees, they lay their eggs in a bark slit and consume the watery sap from xylem tissue.

Cicada

Cicada have membranous front wings, short antennae, and prominent eyes spaced widely apart. In most species, their drum-like tymbals quickly buckle and unbuckle to generate an incredibly loud song. Current species of Cicadomorpha can be found worldwide in moderate to tropical regions; the…

Aphids Aphids are tiny insects that feed on sap and belong to the Hemipteran order's Aphididae family. Although individuals within a species can differ greatly in color, common names include "greenfly" and "blackfly." The fluffy white woolly aphids are part of the group. In a typical life cycle, flightless females give live birth to female nymphs without the assistance of males. These nymphs may also be pregnant, an adaptation scientists refer to as telescoping generations.

Aphids

Aphids are tiny insects that feed on sap and belong to the Hemipteran order's Aphididae family. Although individuals within a species can differ greatly in color, common names include "greenfly" and "blackfly." The fluffy white woolly aphids are part of the group. In a typical life cycle,…

Belostoma Belostoma, also referred to as huge water bugs, is a genus of insects belonging to the hemipteran family Belostomatidae. This genus's members are indigenous to freshwater environments throughout the Americas, with tropical South America having the highest species richness.Although Belostoma is still a genus with a large number of members, the majority of species in the family Belostomatidae have historically been placed in Belostoma; nevertheless, some of these species have been transferred to other genera.

Belostoma

Belostoma, also referred to as huge water bugs, is a genus of insects belonging to the hemipteran family Belostomatidae. This genus's members are indigenous to freshwater environments throughout the Americas, with tropical South America having the highest species richness.Although…

Nepa (Water Scorpion) The genus Nepa is a member of the Nepidae family, which includes water scorpions. In the Northern Hemisphere, species can be found in freshwater environments. They are aquatic insects with oval bodies and raptorial front legs. They are easily distinguished from the Belostomatidae by having two nonretractable cerci-like breathing tubes on the terminal abdominal segment, just like other Nepidae members. Other insects and small aquatic vertebrates are their main food sources.

Nepa (Water Scorpion)

The genus Nepa is a member of the Nepidae family, which includes water scorpions. In the Northern Hemisphere, species can be found in freshwater environments. They are aquatic insects with oval bodies and raptorial front legs. They are easily distinguished from the…

DragonFly A dragonfly is a flying insect that is a member of the Anisoptera infraorder, which is subordinate to the Odonata order. There are currently about 3,000 species of dragonflies. There are fewer species in temperate climates, and the majority are tropical. Dragonfly populations worldwide are under risk due to the loss of wetland habitat. Adult dragonflies have two sets of powerful, translucent wings, occasionally with colored patches, an elongated body, and two enormous, multifaceted compound eyes.

DragonFly

A dragonfly is a flying insect that is a member of the Anisoptera infraorder, which is subordinate to the Odonata order. There are currently about 3,000 species of dragonflies. There are fewer species in temperate climates, and the majority are tropical. Dragonfly populations worldwide…

Ephimera (Mayfly)

Mayflies are aquatic insects that belong to the order Ephemeroptera. They are also known as shadflies or fishflies in Canada and up-winged flies, up-wing flies, or drake-flies in the UK. This genus belongs to the ephimera, an ancient group of insects that also includes…

Termites A class of eusocial insects known as termites eats a wide range of decomposing plant matter, usually in the form of wood, leaf litter, and soil humus. They have been referred to as "white ants" because of their soft-bodied, unpigmented worker caste and beaded (moniliform) antennae, but they are actually highly derived cockroaches rather than ants; they are genetically closer to some cockroach groups than to others.

Termites

A class of eusocial insects known as termites eats a wide range of decomposing plant matter, usually in the form of wood, leaf litter, and soil humus. They have been referred to as "white ants" because of their soft-bodied, unpigmented worker caste and beaded (moniliform) antennae, but…

Forficula (Earwig) The genus Forficula belongs to the family of earwigs. Carl Linnaeus, a Swedish biologist, initially defined Forficulidae in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae in 1758. Earwigs, once tiny pinchers, are known by the Latin name Forficula. The genus is native to Afro-Eurasia, mainly Europe, and is found on every continent except Antarctica. Forficula auricularia is the most well-known species and a frequent nuisance in homes.

Forficula (Earwig)

The genus Forficula belongs to the family of earwigs. Carl Linnaeus, a Swedish biologist, initially defined Forficulidae in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae in 1758. Earwigs, once tiny pinchers, are known by the Latin name Forficula. The genus is native to Afro-Eurasia,…

Mantis religiosa (Praying Mantis) The largest family of the order Mantodea (mantises) is the Mantidae family, which includes the European mantis (Mantis religiosa), a huge hemimetabolic insect. The term "praying mantis" comes from the characteristic position of the mantis's first pair of legs, which resembles a position of prayer when it is in repose. The elongated bodies of both sexes include two pairs of wings.

Mantis religiosa (Praying Mantis)

The largest family of the order Mantodea (mantises) is the Mantidae family, which includes the European mantis (Mantis religiosa), a huge hemimetabolic insect. The term "praying mantis" comes from the characteristic position of the mantis's first pair of legs,…

Phyllium (Leaf Insect) Within the family Phylliidae (Phasmatodea), Phyllium is the largest and most common genus of leaf insects. They are found in Australasia, Wallacea, Sundaland, and the Philippine Islands. Classification of Phyllium (Leaf Insect) Phylum - Arthropoda (Jointed Appendages) Class - Insecta (3 pairs of legs.) Sub-class - Pterygota (Winged insects.) Division - Exopterygota (Wings develop externally.) Order - Orthoptera (Straight wings.)

Phyllium (Leaf Insect)

Within the family Phylliidae (Phasmatodea), Phyllium is the largest and most common genus of leaf insects. They are found in Australasia, Wallacea, Sundaland, and the Philippine Islands. Classification of Phyllium (Leaf Insect) Phylum - Arthropoda (Jointed Appendages) Class…

THEORIES OF ORIGIN OF METAZOANS What are Metazoans? Metazoans can be define as multicellular organisms or as cellular animal or more accurately simply as animals.They are holozoic multicellular organisms. Which are develop from embryo. Their body cells are generally organized in tissues and organs. There gametes are never formed within unicellular structures but are produced within the multicellular sex organs or atleast within the surrounding cells.

THEORIES OF ORIGIN OF METAZOANS

What are Metazoans? Metazoans can be define as multicellular organisms or as cellular animal or more accurately simply as animals.They are holozoic multicellular organisms. Which are develop from embryo. Their body cells are generally organized in tissues and…

Species Concept Species concept are still subject to debate. An idea of what kind of entity is represented by the word SPECIES There are several concepts recognizing the special reality of species SPECIES CRITERIA = standards used for species recognition = operationalism What is a species? A group or class of animals or plants (usually constituting a subdivision of a genus) having a certain common and permanent characterstics which clearly distinguish it from other groups.

Species Concept

Species concept are still subject to debate. An idea of what kind of entity is represented by the word SPECIES There are several concepts recognizing the special reality of species SPECIES CRITERIA = standards used for species recognition = operationalism What is a species? A group…

Environmental Limiting Factors Environmental Limiting Factors Limiting Factors - All living things need food, water, shelter and space to survive. As long as organisms have all of these things available to them their population will continue to grow. However, populations can not grow forever. Some form of environmental resistance will stop the population’s growth. The form of environmental resistance is called a limiting factors since it limit the population.

Environmental Limiting Factors

Environmental Limiting Factors Limiting Factors - All living things need food, water, shelter and space to survive. As long as organisms have all of these things available to them their population will continue to grow. However, populations can not grow forever. Some…

ROTIFERA – STRUCTURE,LIFE HISTORY AND AFFINITIES The rotifera are wheel animalcules. They are microscopic, bilaterally symmetrical, free living aquatic animals and pseudocoelomate animals.

ROTIFERA – STRUCTURE,LIFE HISTORY AND AFFINITIES

The rotifera are wheel animalcules. They are microscopic, bilaterally symmetrical, free living aquatic animals and pseudocoelomate animals.

Holocephali – General organization and affinities Holocephali (Gr. Holos = entire + kephale = head), is a very small ancient group of highly specialized marine fishes. It comprises of rat-tailed fishes. They appeared first in the lower Jurassic and at present, are represented by a few marine genera only. It includes the only cartilaginous fishes having fleshy opercular covering of the gills. Like the Acanthodians, they seem to represent divergent and specialized descendants of some primitive elasmobranch ancestor.

Holocephali – General organization and affinities

Holocephali (Gr. Holos = entire + kephale = head), is a very small ancient group of highly specialized marine fishes. It comprises of rat-tailed fishes. They appeared first in the lower Jurassic and at present, are represented by a few marine…

Lepisma (Silver fish) The genus Lepisma comprises primitive insects that belong to the family Lepismatidae and order Zygentoma. The silverfish (L. saccharinum), the most well-known species in the genus Lepisma, is a worldwide species that prefers moist environments, hides in cracks, and is typically found in human homes. In some cases, it can become a household annoyance. Although several species of Zygentoma are referred to by the general title "silverfish" in international literature, the Entomological Society of America only permits the term to be used for Lepisma saccharinum.

Lepisma (Silver fish)

The genus Lepisma comprises primitive insects that belong to the family Lepismatidae and order Zygentoma. The silverfish (L. saccharinum), the most well-known species in the genus Lepisma, is a worldwide species that prefers moist environments, hides in cracks, and is…

Galeodes Solifuges, or sun spiders, belong to the genus Galeodes. This genus has around 200 species that are distributed throughout Asia, southeastern Europe, and northern Africa. They are mostly nocturnal and found in dry environments, just like other solifuges. They are not as robust or as dark and contrastingly colored as some other solifuges, and they frequently have lengthy hairy appendages. Certain species of Galeodes can make noises through stridulation.

Galeodes

Solifuges, or sun spiders, belong to the genus Galeodes. This genus has around 200 species that are distributed throughout Asia, southeastern Europe, and northern Africa. They are mostly nocturnal and found in dry environments, just like other solifuges. They are not as robust or as dark…

Limulus (Horseshoe crab) The Atlantic horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) is the only member of the genus Limulus that is still alive. Although several other species have been identified and subsequently assigned to other genera, the genus now has one fossil species credited to it. Classification of Limulus (Horseshoe crab) Phylum Arthropoda Jointed appendages. Class Arachnida

Limulus (Horseshoe crab)

The Atlantic horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) is the only member of the genus Limulus that is still alive. Although several other species have been identified and subsequently assigned to other genera, the genus now has one fossil species credited to it. Classification…

Araneus (orb-weaving spiders) Male spiders (Araneus) in this genus are typically 1⁄3 to 1⁄4 the size of females, making them possibly the most blatant example of sexual dimorphism in the whole orb-weaver family.

Araneus (orb-weaving spiders)

Male spiders (Araneus) in this genus are typically 1⁄3 to 1⁄4 the size of females, making them possibly the most blatant example of sexual dimorphism in the whole orb-weaver family.

Palamnaeus (Scorpion) The predatory arachnids known as scorpions (Palamnaeus) have eight legs, two grabbing pincers, and a slender, segmented tail that always ends with a stinger and is frequently carried in a distinctive forward curve over the back.

Palamnaeus (Scorpion)

The predatory arachnids known as scorpions (Palamnaeus) have eight legs, two grabbing pincers, and a slender, segmented tail that always ends with a stinger and is frequently carried in a distinctive forward curve over the back.

Peripatus Peripatus is zoologically very interesting, because it exhibits both arthropod and annelid characters as under. Peripatus is supposed to be the connecting link between Annelida and Arthropoda.

Peripatus

Peripatus is zoologically very interesting, because it exhibits both arthropod and annelid characters as under. Peripatus is supposed to be the connecting link between Annelida and Arthropoda.

Julus (millipede) The class Diplopoda, which derives its name from the Latin mille, which means "thousand," and pes, which means "foot," is the formal term for the group of arthropods known as Julus (millipedes).

Julus (millipede)

The class Diplopoda, which derives its name from the Latin mille, which means "thousand," and pes, which means "foot," is the formal term for the group of arthropods known as Julus (millipedes).

Scolopendra (Centipede) There are several centipede species in the genus Scolopendra that are found in both milder temperate regions and tropical regions of the planet. The species differ greatly in size and color. The majority of scolopendra are enormous centipedes

Scolopendra (Centipede)

There are several centipede species in the genus Scolopendra that are found in both milder temperate regions and tropical regions of the planet. The species differ greatly in size and color. The majority of scolopendra are enormous centipedes

Carcinus (Crab) Crabs in the genus Carcinus (Greek: Καρκίνoς Karkinos) include the significant invasive species Carcinus maenas and the Mediterranean Sea-endemic species C. aestuarii.

Carcinus (Crab)

Crabs in the genus Carcinus (Greek: Καρκίνoς Karkinos) include the significant invasive species Carcinus maenas and the Mediterranean Sea-endemic species C. aestuarii.

HIPPA ADACTYLA The little, sand-burrowing decapod crab species Hippa adactyla inhabits the shores of the Indo-West Pacific. It can be found in the swash area of the intertidal zone on bare sandy beaches.

HIPPA ADACTYLA

The little, sand-burrowing decapod crab species Hippa adactyla inhabits the shores of the Indo-West Pacific. It can be found in the swash area of the intertidal zone on bare sandy beaches.

differences between Crocodile vs Alligator vs Gharial Crocodile vs alligator vs gharial are large semi-aquatic reptiles belonging to the order Crocodilia. They differ greatly in appearance, habitat, behavior, and distribution, although having many traits in common, like as strong jaws, armored bodies, and a lifestyle related to water. Comprehending these differences facilitates precise identification and emphasizes their ecological significance. Physical Differences Between Crocodile vs alligator vs gharial…

differences between Crocodile vs Alligator vs Gharial

Crocodile vs alligator vs gharial are large semi-aquatic reptiles belonging to the order Crocodilia. They differ greatly in appearance, habitat, behavior, and distribution, although having many traits in common, like as strong jaws, armored…

Eupagurus (Hermit crab) Commonly identified as belonging to the genus Pagurus, Eupagurus is a genus of marine hermit crabs in the Paguridae family. They are distinguished by their asymmetrical, soft, and curled abdomens, which necessitate sheltering in empty snail shells. These decapods are found in marine habitats all over the world, frequently coexisting with sea anemones.

Eupagurus (Hermit crab)

Commonly identified as belonging to the genus Pagurus, Eupagurus is a genus of marine hermit crabs in the Paguridae family. They are distinguished by their asymmetrical, soft, and curled abdomens, which necessitate sheltering in empty snail shells. These decapods are found…