No definite fracture line is seen on lateral radiograph or on AP radiograph(left).

The diagnosis was ocult elbow fracture.

Learn more: pediatricimaging.org/diseases/elb...

Preschooler with elbow pain after a fall

Lateral radiograph(right) shows elevation of anterior+posterior fat pads due to large elbow joint effusion.

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The diagnosis was respiratory distress syndrome showing the appearance of the chest after the asymmetrical administration of artificial surfactant into only the right lung.

Learn more: pediatricimaging.org/diseases/res...

Premature newborn four hours after administration of artificial surfactant

CXR shows symmetrical ground glass opacity in hypoexpanded left lung. There is increased lung expansion and no evidence of ground glass opacity in right lung

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There is no leakage of contrast out of the stomach.

The diagnosis was correct position of the gastrostomy tube tip within the stomach.

Learn more: pediatricimaging.org/diseases/gas...

School ager whose gastrostomy tube fell out and has just been replaced

AP(above)+lateral(below) obtained after injection of water soluble contrast through gastrostomy tube show normal appearing gastric rugae.

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The diagnosis was autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease resulting in oligohydramnios resulting in pulmonary hypoplasia.

Learn more: pediatricimaging.org/diseases/aut...

Transverse US of the left kidney (below left) and right kidney (below right) shows the kidneys bilaterally to be enlarged and to be composed of innumerable microcysts giving the kidneys overall an echogenic appearance.

Newborn who experienced oligohydramnios in utero

CXR(above) shows small bell-shaped thorax with poorly expanded lungs despite being on ventilator.

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AP radiograph of the hand (right) shows multiple lucent lesions with sclerotic rims in the capitate and hamate and in the proximal fourth and fifth metacarpal bones.

The diagnosis was polyostotic fibrous dysplasia.

Learn more: pediatricimaging.org/diseases/pol...

School ager with arm pain after fall on outstretched hand

AP radiograph of humerus(left) shows lengthy ground glass lesion with sclerotic rim centered in metaphysis of humerus.

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... which is inferior to an intact cerebellar vermis and the right cerebellar hemisphere and which is having mass effect on the cerebellum.

The diagnosis was arachnoid cyst of the posterior fossa.

Learn more: pediatricimaging.org/diseases/ara...

Preschooler with developmental delay

Axial(above left), coronal(above right+sagittal (below) T2 MRI show a midline to right of midline high signal intensity lesion in posterior fossa...

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Good point - it is a bit low.

... which is also appreciated on the AXR left lateral decubitus (below). There was no free air or portal venous gas.

The diagnosis was pneumatosis intestinalis of the colon of unknown etiology.

Learn more: pediatricimaging.org/diseases/pne...

Premature newborn now 9 months old with abdominal distension

AXR AP(above) shows curvilinear air throughout wall of colon from cecum to rectosigmoid colon...

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The diagnosis was elbow fracture of the medial epicondyle of the elbow.

Learn more: pediatricimaging.org/diseases/elb...

School ager with elbow pain after falling on outstretched hand

AP radiograph shows displacement, rotation+fragmentation of medial epicondyle
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The diagnosis was respiratory distress syndrome showing the appearance of the chest before and after the symmetrical administration of artificial surfactant.

Learn more: pediatricimaging.org/diseases/res...

CXR obtained 4 hours after the administration of artificial surfactant (right) shows increased lung expansion and clearing of previously seen ground glass opacity in both lungs.

Premature newborn with respiratory distress

Initial CXR AP (left) shows low lung volumes and symmetrical ground glass opacity in both lungs.

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The contrast in the bladder is from a CT exam performed earlier in the day.

The diagnosis was gastrostomy tube malfunction with the tip of the gastrostomy tube in the peritoneal space rather than in the stomach.

Learn more: pediatricimaging.org/diseases/gas...

School ager who recently had gastrostomy tube replaced+now have abdominal pain with tube feeds

AXR obtained after injection of water soluble contrast through gastrostomy tube shows contrast throughout peritoneum which is outling liver+spleen and pooling in pelvis

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The diagnosis was renal angiomyolipomas in a patient with tuberous sclerosis.

Learn more: pediatricimaging.org/diseases/ang...

Teen with tuberous sclerosis

Axial T1 MRI without contrast shows two oval hyperintense lesions in right kidney that have similar signal intensity to subcutaneous fat. No renal cysts were seen.

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Other imaging (not provided) revealed invasion of the inferior vena cava by the mass and lung metastases.

The diagnosis was fibrosarcoma of the abdomen.

Learn more: pediatricimaging.org/diseases/fib...

... that on sagittal T2 MRI(above right) is anterior to spine (which has incidental segmentation anomaly at T10-T12)+which on axial T2 MRI(below left) is seen to cross midline in close proximity to inferior vena cava+aorta. On axial T1 MRI with contrast (below right) the mass shows some enhancement.

School ager with an abdominal mass

Coronal (above left) T2 MRI of the abdomen shows a right-sided heterogenous and hyperintense oval shaped suprarenal retroperitoneal mass...

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Coronal T1 MRI without contrast (below) show a bone defect in the skull beneath the cystic lesion.

The diagnosis was aplasia cutis.

Learn more: pediatricimaging.org/diseases/apl...

Newborn with skin defect+bump on skull

Axial T1 MRI without contrast(above left)+axial T2(above right) show oval lesion in subcutaneous tissue which is isointense on T1WI+hyperintense on T2WI

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