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Posts by Xinming Xu

To accompany my textbook (Computational Foundations of Cognitive Neuroscience) and the class I taught this semester, I'm open-sourcing my lectures slides:
gershmanlab.com/lectures.html
I'll continue to update these as I improve them.

5 days ago 186 57 4 0
Common and distinct neural correlates of social interaction processing and theory of mind in narratives - Nature Communications Miao et al. find that recognizing social interactions in third-person narratives engages canonical brain areas subserving theory of mind. Using theory of mind recruits additional areas linked to action understanding.

Excited to share my first-author paper now out in @natcomms.nature.com (www.nature.com/articles/s41...)! Here, we asked whether verbal narratives about social interactions activate the same brain areas as audiovisual presentations, and whether they overlap with theory of mind (ToM). (1/11)

1 week ago 22 9 1 0
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Retention and transformation of internal experiences in autobiographical memory narratives - Communications Psychology Using repeated autobiographical recall, this study shows that internal thoughts and feelings are less stable over time than externally oriented details, yet their retention and stability contribute to...

Using repeated autobiographical recall, this study shows that internal thoughts and feelings are less stable over time than externally oriented details, yet their retention and stability contribute to the perceived importance of personal memories.
www.nature.com/articles/s44...

3 weeks ago 2 1 0 0
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Knowledge Mapper An interactive tool that maps out everything you know. Answer questions and watch your personalized knowledge map take shape.

Curious what a representation of "everything" you know might look like? Wonder how you might fill it in?

Check out our demo and paper (led by @paxt0n4.bsky.social and now out in @natcomms.nature.com ), or read on to learn more!

Demo: context-lab.com/mapper/
Paper: www.doi.org/10.1038/s414...

2 weeks ago 58 17 4 2
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The role of context in continuity and segmentation Nature Human Behaviour, Published online: 11 February 2026; doi:10.1038/s41562-026-02403-wAcross three experiments, Baror et al. show that context shifts reduce serial dependence (bias towards prior choices) and shape memory at event boundaries.

The role of context in continuity and segmentation

2 months ago 3 2 0 0
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Episodic memory facilitates flexible decision-making via access to detailed events - Nature Human Behaviour Nicholas and Mattar found that people use episodic memory to make decisions when it is unclear what will be needed in the future. These findings reveal how the rich representational capacity of episod...

Our experiences have countless details, and it can be hard to know which matter.

How can we behave effectively in the future when, right now, we don't know what we'll need?

Out today in @nathumbehav.nature.com , @marcelomattar.bsky.social and I find that people solve this by using episodic memory.

2 months ago 131 49 7 2

Hierarchical Context Guides Human Memory Search: https://osf.io/mbwe9

5 months ago 2 1 0 0

Hippocampal-guided reconstruction of an event's prior temporal context www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08....

8 months ago 6 1 0 1
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A neural network with episodic memory learns causal relationships between narrative events Humans reflect on past memories to make sense of an ongoing event. Past work has shown that people retrieve causally related past events during comprehension, but the exact process by which this causa...

How does the brain🧠 make causal inferences and use memories to understand narratives🎬?

We built an RNN🤖 with key-value episodic memory that learns causal relationships between events and retrieves memories like humans do!

Preprint www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...

w/ @qlu.bsky.social, Tan Nguyen &👇

7 months ago 94 29 3 2

1/ 🚨 Preprint alert!
How does the brain make sense of continuous experience?
We find that continuous experiences can be compressed using a subset of key moments that dominate comprehension and recall.
👉 https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.08.30.673233

7 months ago 34 10 2 2
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Hierarchical coding of local and global positions in episodic memory for naturalistic sequences www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08....

7 months ago 6 1 0 0
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Classic free recall memory effects using video stimuli Several effects have been discovered to explain memory for lists of words. However, demonstrations of these effects are scant for other common types of stimuli like short videos. Here, we had parti...
7 months ago 5 0 0 0

The preprint of my 1st project in grad school is up 🙌 We propose a simple, information-theoretic model of how humans remember narratives. We tested it with the help of open-source LLMs. Plz check out this thread for details ➡️ Many thanks to my wonderful advisors! It's been a fun adventure!!

8 months ago 17 4 2 0
OSF

New preprint! Thrilled to share my latest work with @esfinn.bsky.social -- "Sensory context as a universal principle of language in humans and LLMs"

osf.io/preprints/ps...

11 months ago 51 19 3 3

Excited to share our new preprint! Using a narrative reading paradigm, we showed that temporal order memory reconstruction can depend on multiple sources of information - factors like knowledge about typical event order and hierarchical event structure can both play important roles! 📖🧠

1 year ago 20 7 1 2

I want to highlight a special issue in honor of Sarah DuBrow, a brilliant scientist and dear friend who passed away in 2022.

We contributed a paper in which we disentangled the importance of temporal and causal relationships while participants recalled the non-linear narrative, Memento. 🧵 ⬇️ 1/9

1 year ago 42 17 1 0
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Key-value memory in the brain Classical models of memory in psychology and neuroscience rely on similarity-based retrieval of stored patterns, where similarity is a function of retrieval cues and the stored patterns. While parsimo...

Key-value memory is an important concept in modern machine learning (e.g., transformers). Ila Fiete, Kazuki Irie, and I have written a paper showing how key-value memory provides a way of thinking about memory organization in the brain:
arxiv.org/abs/2501.02950

1 year ago 122 31 3 1

Excited to have this out in @natureportfolio.bsky.social!

We found that real & fictional people communicate roughly 1.5x more about the past than the future.

In turn, this influences the interferences we make about past & future events in *other* people's lives.

www.nature.com/articles/s41...

1 year ago 24 9 1 0

🙋thank you!

1 year ago 0 0 1 0