Advertisement · 728 × 90

Posts by The Journal of Immunology

Membrane atg8ylation and its different manifestations with immunological outputs of consequence for M. tuberculosis infection and tuberculosis disease control.

Membrane atg8ylation and its different manifestations with immunological outputs of consequence for M. tuberculosis infection and tuberculosis disease control.

A #BriefReview discusses how membrane atg8ylation and autophagy shape innate and adaptive immunity against pathogens and suggests further studies to identify downstream immunological effector mechanisms of membrane atg8ylation. Read more: https://ow.ly/nLNj50YNwhK

2 hours ago 1 0 0 0
Logo for Immunology2025, the annual meeting of the American Association of Immunologists, with a purple gradient background.

Logo for Immunology2025, the annual meeting of the American Association of Immunologists, with a purple gradient background.

From Honolulu to the Page! 🌺 📖 We are excited to share new research in #TheJI, building on findings debuted at #IMMUNOLOGY2025™.

Catch up on the latest breakthrough here: https://ow.ly/v4fs50YKyP4

4 days ago 0 0 0 0
Diagram showing type 1 diabetes affecting pancreatic islets, highlighting HLA-C*03:04-restricted CD8+ T cells targeting insulin A-chain epitopes in a mouse model.

Diagram showing type 1 diabetes affecting pancreatic islets, highlighting HLA-C*03:04-restricted CD8+ T cells targeting insulin A-chain epitopes in a mouse model.

Researchers demonstrate the utility of a mouse model in identifying human disease-relevant HLA-C-restricted epitopes and suggest this strategy for the exploration and manipulation of HLA-C-restricted T cells in autoimmune diseases. Learn more: https://ow.ly/hYLN50Yyjw8

2 weeks ago 1 0 0 0
Identification of SARS-CoV-2 CD4+ T cell epitope S631–645 in Syrian hamsters. (A) Syrian hamsters (n = 9) were obtained from CRL and received a single intranasal dose of ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S (1010 virus particles). At day 7 postvaccination, spleen, DLN, and lung tissues were processed to identify the optimal peptide required for CD4+ T cell activation using an IFN-γ ELISpot assay with overlapping peptides flanking the S631–645 sequence. Results are presented as SFC/106 cells and representative of 2 independent experiments.

Identification of SARS-CoV-2 CD4+ T cell epitope S631–645 in Syrian hamsters. (A) Syrian hamsters (n = 9) were obtained from CRL and received a single intranasal dose of ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S (1010 virus particles). At day 7 postvaccination, spleen, DLN, and lung tissues were processed to identify the optimal peptide required for CD4+ T cell activation using an IFN-γ ELISpot assay with overlapping peptides flanking the S631–645 sequence. Results are presented as SFC/106 cells and representative of 2 independent experiments.

Researchers identified T cell epitopes and characterized T cell responses in lymphoid and mucosal compartments to enhance the utility of Syrian hamsters as a preclinical model for SARS-CoV-2 vaccine studies. Read more in The JI: https://ow.ly/lMXj50Yyjry

3 weeks ago 0 0 0 0
AhR activation prevents angiogenic endothelial cells from adopting proinflammatory expression profiles. scRNA-seq analysis was used to characterize the angiogenic endothelial cell populations (AECs) in LPS-induced ARDS mice treated with TCDD or vehicle, and to assess their proinflammatory gene expression and cell-cell communication profiles.

AhR activation prevents angiogenic endothelial cells from adopting proinflammatory expression profiles. scRNA-seq analysis was used to characterize the angiogenic endothelial cell populations (AECs) in LPS-induced ARDS mice treated with TCDD or vehicle, and to assess their proinflammatory gene expression and cell-cell communication profiles.

Data identify AhR as a central regulator of pulmonary inflammation and epithelial–endothelial integrity. Future evaluation of AhR-targeted therapeutics is needed for potential treatment for acute respiratory distress syndrome. Learn more: https://ow.ly/Nqh250Yyjla

3 weeks ago 0 0 0 0
Complement activation on different clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) strains in 10% serum. Clinical strains of 5 MTBC lineages were irradiated and incubated with 10% of normal human serum (NHS) that was preincubated with the different inhibitors and mock controls for 10 minutes at room temperature. Deposition of C3b (A) and membrane attack complex (MAC) formation (B) was measured by flow cytometry after incubation with specific monoclonal antibodies followed by the addition of fluorophore-labeled secondary antibodies. Median fluorescence intensity (MFI) values represent the level of complement activation after background subtraction, which was determined for each strain by negative controls that were processed identically but in the absence of 10% NHS. Data represent the mean ± SEM of 3 independent experiments.

Complement activation on different clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) strains in 10% serum. Clinical strains of 5 MTBC lineages were irradiated and incubated with 10% of normal human serum (NHS) that was preincubated with the different inhibitors and mock controls for 10 minutes at room temperature. Deposition of C3b (A) and membrane attack complex (MAC) formation (B) was measured by flow cytometry after incubation with specific monoclonal antibodies followed by the addition of fluorophore-labeled secondary antibodies. Median fluorescence intensity (MFI) values represent the level of complement activation after background subtraction, which was determined for each strain by negative controls that were processed identically but in the absence of 10% NHS. Data represent the mean ± SEM of 3 independent experiments.

Novel insights into early host–pathogen dynamics of #tuberculosis emphasize the importance of considering Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex lineage diversity in understanding the immune response to mycobacterium. Read more: https://ow.ly/Srvj50Yyjkc

3 weeks ago 2 1 1 0
Graph showing NK cell activation peaks at moderate CD155 levels with DNAM-1 expression influencing response.

Graph showing NK cell activation peaks at moderate CD155 levels with DNAM-1 expression influencing response.

Data suggests that expression of CD155 on target cells has the potential to both augment and inhibit NK cell function, with DNAM-1 playing a central role in enhancing IFN-γ production. Learn more: https://ow.ly/P37r50Yyjfi

3 weeks ago 0 1 0 0
Post image

Data reveal that influenza-specific memory T cells formed under iron-deficient conditions are functionally impaired, most notably within the lung, indicating the critical effect of nutritional iron deficiency on T cell memory development and function: https://ow.ly/3hTR50Yyjch

3 weeks ago 3 1 0 0
The degradation mechanism of CgC3 in mediating the bacteria into the autophagy-lysosome pathway. This figure was created using Figdraw.

The degradation mechanism of CgC3 in mediating the bacteria into the autophagy-lysosome pathway. This figure was created using Figdraw.

Data show that CgC3 in the Pacific oyster is able to bind intra/extracellular microbes to form microbe-associated complexes that trigger the intracellular antibacterial autophagy-lysosome pathway to eliminate the invading microbes. Learn more: https://ow.ly/S93o50Yyj8p

3 weeks ago 1 0 1 0
Short-term DMF treatment reduces the migratory potential of pathogenic colonic T cells during EAE. Expression of chemokine receptors in colonic LP T cells of EAE mice treated for 5 days with DMF (n = 5–8) or vehicle (n = 5–7) analyzed by flow cytometry. (A) Expression of CCR6, CXCR6, and CXCR3 in different CD4 T cell populations and their representative flow cytometry plots. (B) Expression of CCR6, CXCR6, and CXCR3 in Vβ11+ CD4 T cell populations and their representative flow cytometry plots. Expression of IL-23a by myeloid cells (C) and their representative plots (D). Data from one representative experiment of 2 independent experiments are shown. Pairwise comparisons were made using the Student t test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ****P < 0.0001.

Short-term DMF treatment reduces the migratory potential of pathogenic colonic T cells during EAE. Expression of chemokine receptors in colonic LP T cells of EAE mice treated for 5 days with DMF (n = 5–8) or vehicle (n = 5–7) analyzed by flow cytometry. (A) Expression of CCR6, CXCR6, and CXCR3 in different CD4 T cell populations and their representative flow cytometry plots. (B) Expression of CCR6, CXCR6, and CXCR3 in Vβ11+ CD4 T cell populations and their representative flow cytometry plots. Expression of IL-23a by myeloid cells (C) and their representative plots (D). Data from one representative experiment of 2 independent experiments are shown. Pairwise comparisons were made using the Student t test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ****P < 0.0001.

Data shows that dimethyl fumarate regulates Th17 differentiation and migration within the intestines, providing a mechanistic link to its protective effects in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Read more about this: https://ow.ly/zJSj50YyiXh

3 weeks ago 2 0 0 0
Advertisement
Increased tumor-infiltrating γδ T cells contribute to tumor reduction in Ptgdr−/− mice. (A) The accumulation of CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, γδ T cells, and NK cells in primary tumor tissue of WT, Pla2g2d−/−, and Ptgdr−/− mice was determined by flow cytometry at indicated time points. n = 4/group for each time point. Data are mean ± SEM and are representative of 2 independent experiments, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01.

Increased tumor-infiltrating γδ T cells contribute to tumor reduction in Ptgdr−/− mice. (A) The accumulation of CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, γδ T cells, and NK cells in primary tumor tissue of WT, Pla2g2d−/−, and Ptgdr−/− mice was determined by flow cytometry at indicated time points. n = 4/group for each time point. Data are mean ± SEM and are representative of 2 independent experiments, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01.

New findings highlight the effectiveness of targeting the PLA2G2D-PGD2/PTGDR axis to reprogram aging dendritic cells to inhibit #melanoma progression, presenting a promising therapeutic target. Learn more: https://ow.ly/40Jo50YyhBi

3 weeks ago 1 0 0 0
Scatter plots comparing bone marrow cell frequencies and counts between control and high-fat diet groups in male and female mice across various hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell types.

Scatter plots comparing bone marrow cell frequencies and counts between control and high-fat diet groups in male and female mice across various hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell types.

Findings in a #CuttingEdge article indicate that marrow adipocytes do not actively drive the decline of B lymphopoiesis and other changes in hematopoiesis that occur with age. Learn more: https://ow.ly/6v7350YyhuS

3 weeks ago 1 0 0 0
Pleiotropic effects of PPE18 protein of Mtb modulating protective immune responses of host. PPE18 interacts with LRR 11 to 15 domain of TLR2 resulting in increased secretion of IL-10 with a simultaneous decrease in induction of IL-12 and TNF-α, which is a favorable environment for Mtb for survival inside macrophages. PPE18 also impedes MHC class II antigen presentation by hampering acidification of phagolysosome in macrophages. Poorer MHC class II–restricted antigen presentation results in decreased/delayed CD4+ T cell activation and the subsequent B cell activation, maturation, and antibody generation, altogether favoring Mtb growth in host.

Pleiotropic effects of PPE18 protein of Mtb modulating protective immune responses of host. PPE18 interacts with LRR 11 to 15 domain of TLR2 resulting in increased secretion of IL-10 with a simultaneous decrease in induction of IL-12 and TNF-α, which is a favorable environment for Mtb for survival inside macrophages. PPE18 also impedes MHC class II antigen presentation by hampering acidification of phagolysosome in macrophages. Poorer MHC class II–restricted antigen presentation results in decreased/delayed CD4+ T cell activation and the subsequent B cell activation, maturation, and antibody generation, altogether favoring Mtb growth in host.

This #BriefReview highlights the functional importance of PPE18 in mycobacterial virulence and explores the potential of PPE18 as a target for therapeutic drug and vaccine development to combat tuberculosis. Read more in The JI: https://ow.ly/a12t50Ynayp

1 month ago 1 0 0 0
Associations among mucosal galectins, tight junctions, and soluble inflammatory mediators. Correlations across gut mucosa compartments and peripheral inflammation (A). Blue lines represent positive correlations and red lines represent negative correlations. Plasma galectin correlations with gut mucosa counterparts and peripheral biomarkers (B). Associates were determined via Kendall rank Tau correlations.

Associations among mucosal galectins, tight junctions, and soluble inflammatory mediators. Correlations across gut mucosa compartments and peripheral inflammation (A). Blue lines represent positive correlations and red lines represent negative correlations. Plasma galectin correlations with gut mucosa counterparts and peripheral biomarkers (B). Associates were determined via Kendall rank Tau correlations.

New data suggest that mucosal SIV burden and impaired gut integrity may be influenced by changes due to circulating and tissue galectins, making them potential therapeutic targets to restore gut homeostasis. Learn more: https://ow.ly/Lpvk50Yna4Z

1 month ago 0 0 0 0
Immunophenotyping of liver B cells during development from fetus to adulthood. (A) Gating strategy for immunophenotyping liver B cells. (B) Percentage of cells defined as precursors, (C) immature transitional, (D) mature, (E) pro-B, (F) pre-B, (G) B1, and (H) B2 in the liver in different ages. (I–N) Bar graphs, pie charts, and representative FACS plots showing percentage of precursors and immature/transitional and mature B cells gated on CD19+ cells in the liver at fetal (I), 1-wk (1w) (J), 2-wk (2w) (K), 3-wk (3w) (L), 4-wk (4w) (M) and 9-wk (9w) (N) stages. Insert graphs represent percentage of pro-B, pre-B, B1, and B2 cells. All data are plotted as mean ± SEM. n = 5–7 mice/group.

Immunophenotyping of liver B cells during development from fetus to adulthood. (A) Gating strategy for immunophenotyping liver B cells. (B) Percentage of cells defined as precursors, (C) immature transitional, (D) mature, (E) pro-B, (F) pre-B, (G) B1, and (H) B2 in the liver in different ages. (I–N) Bar graphs, pie charts, and representative FACS plots showing percentage of precursors and immature/transitional and mature B cells gated on CD19+ cells in the liver at fetal (I), 1-wk (1w) (J), 2-wk (2w) (K), 3-wk (3w) (L), 4-wk (4w) (M) and 9-wk (9w) (N) stages. Insert graphs represent percentage of pro-B, pre-B, B1, and B2 cells. All data are plotted as mean ± SEM. n = 5–7 mice/group.

Data establishes the newborn liver as a key niche for B cell maturation and migration, highlighting its role in seeding secondary lymphoid organs and contributing to immune function throughout life. Read more on postnatal development of the immune system: https://ow.ly/lVa450Yo78f

1 month ago 2 0 0 0
Loss of LRRK2 promotes mitochondrial protection in microglial cells. (A) JC-1 staining of mitochondrial membrane potential in Lrrk2 KO and HET microglia measured by flow cytometry. Cells were treated with 2.5 µM rotenone for 3 h. followed by 5 µM ATP for 5 and 30 min. (B) TMRE staining of mitochondrial membrane potential in Lrrk2 KO and HET microglia measured by flow cytometry. Cells were treated with vehicle control (untreated) or 50 µM FCCP for 30 min. (C) Oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of resting Lrrk2 KO and HET microglia measured by the Seahorse analyzer mito-stress test. Arrows and numbers indicate reads between injections times. Quantification of major OCR readouts below. (D) The same as in (C) but cells were treated for 16 h with 100 IU IFN-β. (E) The same as in (C) and (D) but cells were treated for 16 h with 10 ng/ml LPS.

Loss of LRRK2 promotes mitochondrial protection in microglial cells. (A) JC-1 staining of mitochondrial membrane potential in Lrrk2 KO and HET microglia measured by flow cytometry. Cells were treated with 2.5 µM rotenone for 3 h. followed by 5 µM ATP for 5 and 30 min. (B) TMRE staining of mitochondrial membrane potential in Lrrk2 KO and HET microglia measured by flow cytometry. Cells were treated with vehicle control (untreated) or 50 µM FCCP for 30 min. (C) Oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of resting Lrrk2 KO and HET microglia measured by the Seahorse analyzer mito-stress test. Arrows and numbers indicate reads between injections times. Quantification of major OCR readouts below. (D) The same as in (C) but cells were treated for 16 h with 100 IU IFN-β. (E) The same as in (C) and (D) but cells were treated for 16 h with 10 ng/ml LPS.

New findings illustrate a dichotomous role for leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 within different immune cell populations and give insight into the fundamental differences between immune regulation in the central nervous system and the periphery. Read more: https://ow.ly/cMEi50Yn9Ko

1 month ago 1 1 0 0
TGF-β1 expression in epidermal cells was significantly lower in the rTM group compared to the GVHD control group. (A) Immunohistochemical staining for TGF-β1 in skin samples from the mice in the GVHD control and rTM groups on day 56 after BMT. The GVHD control group showed TGF-β1 expression in epidermal cells, especially in the basal cell layer (red arrowhead). (B) Percentage of TGF-β1-positive cells in whole epidermal cells (n = 6, 2 experiments). (C) Primary keratinocytes isolated from BALB/c mice were cocultured with various concentrations of IL-4, IL-13, and rTM. TGF-β1 of the culture supernatants was analyzed by ELISA. (D) Primary keratinocytes were cocultured with various concentrations of supernatants of MLR used in previous examination (Figure S1) and rTM. TGF-β1 of the culture supernatants was analyzed by ELISA.

TGF-β1 expression in epidermal cells was significantly lower in the rTM group compared to the GVHD control group. (A) Immunohistochemical staining for TGF-β1 in skin samples from the mice in the GVHD control and rTM groups on day 56 after BMT. The GVHD control group showed TGF-β1 expression in epidermal cells, especially in the basal cell layer (red arrowhead). (B) Percentage of TGF-β1-positive cells in whole epidermal cells (n = 6, 2 experiments). (C) Primary keratinocytes isolated from BALB/c mice were cocultured with various concentrations of IL-4, IL-13, and rTM. TGF-β1 of the culture supernatants was analyzed by ELISA. (D) Primary keratinocytes were cocultured with various concentrations of supernatants of MLR used in previous examination (Figure S1) and rTM. TGF-β1 of the culture supernatants was analyzed by ELISA.

Researchers suggest recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin (rTM) may represent a novel prophylactic agent for chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) as rTM prevented sclerodermatous cGVHD development in mice. Read about it: https://ow.ly/ZgtH50Yn9Nf

1 month ago 0 0 0 0
Advertisement
Diagram illustrating gene cloning of flic genes from Pseudomonas aeruginosa to express flagellin A and B, followed by hen immunization to produce and purify IgY antibodies for immunotherapy.

Diagram illustrating gene cloning of flic genes from Pseudomonas aeruginosa to express flagellin A and B, followed by hen immunization to produce and purify IgY antibodies for immunotherapy.

A new study evaluated the antibacterial efficacy of bivalent immunoglobulin Y raised against both A and B flagellins as a way to combat the rising emergence of antimicrobial-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Read more: https://ow.ly/iuEw50Yna2h

1 month ago 2 0 1 0
CgCLec-HTM and CgIgR after the recognition and binding to V. splendidus activated the Syk-BCL10-mTOR/ERK-glycolysis pathway to induce the methylation of H3K4, which eventually promoted phagocytosis and inflammatory response. The phosphorylation of mTOR and ERK, the expressions of glycolysis-related indicators and methylation of H3K4 in the oysters whose CLec-HTM/IgR-Syk-BCL10 pathway was interfered after the first stimulation with V. splendidus all decreased significantly. The mRNA transcript levels of phagocytic-associated indicators and inflammation factor were reduced after being attacked again by the same pathogen. The results indicated that the CLec-HTM/IgR-Syk-BCL10-mTOR/ERK signaling pathway promoted the immune priming of oysters. TNF, tumor necrosis factor.

CgCLec-HTM and CgIgR after the recognition and binding to V. splendidus activated the Syk-BCL10-mTOR/ERK-glycolysis pathway to induce the methylation of H3K4, which eventually promoted phagocytosis and inflammatory response. The phosphorylation of mTOR and ERK, the expressions of glycolysis-related indicators and methylation of H3K4 in the oysters whose CLec-HTM/IgR-Syk-BCL10 pathway was interfered after the first stimulation with V. splendidus all decreased significantly. The mRNA transcript levels of phagocytic-associated indicators and inflammation factor were reduced after being attacked again by the same pathogen. The results indicated that the CLec-HTM/IgR-Syk-BCL10-mTOR/ERK signaling pathway promoted the immune priming of oysters. TNF, tumor necrosis factor.

Increasing evidence indicates that invertebrates have immune adaptive abilities, so researchers investigated the mechanism of immune priming in the pacific oyster. See what they found in The JI: https://ow.ly/K94u50Yn9HV

1 month ago 1 0 0 1
GLP1R deficiency in recipients causes engraftment failure of MHC-mismatched HSCs. (A) Total CD45+ cells in the bone marrow and peripheral blood of WT (n = 4) and GLP1RKO (n = 4) syngeneic transplanted mice at Day 7. Significance was measured with an unpaired Student t test. (B) Total CD45+ cells in the bone marrow and peripheral blood of WT (n = 4) and GLP1RKO (n = 3) minor antigen mismatch transplanted mice (C3.SW-H2b/SnJ [C3.SW] donors) at day 7. Significance was measured with an unpaired Student t test. * = P < 0.05. (C) Representative flow cytometry plots of peripheral blood and bone marrow of WT and GLP1RKO allogeneic transplant mice at day 7. Cells are pre-gated on live, CD45+ singlet cells. “Donor” denotes the MHC haplotype originating from BALB/c, while “Recipient” denotes C57BL/6J. (D) Quantification of donor chimerism and total donor cells (BALB/c MHC+) in the peripheral blood and bone marrow of WT (n = 5) and GLP1RKO (n = 6) allogeneic mice at day 7.

GLP1R deficiency in recipients causes engraftment failure of MHC-mismatched HSCs. (A) Total CD45+ cells in the bone marrow and peripheral blood of WT (n = 4) and GLP1RKO (n = 4) syngeneic transplanted mice at Day 7. Significance was measured with an unpaired Student t test. (B) Total CD45+ cells in the bone marrow and peripheral blood of WT (n = 4) and GLP1RKO (n = 3) minor antigen mismatch transplanted mice (C3.SW-H2b/SnJ [C3.SW] donors) at day 7. Significance was measured with an unpaired Student t test. * = P < 0.05. (C) Representative flow cytometry plots of peripheral blood and bone marrow of WT and GLP1RKO allogeneic transplant mice at day 7. Cells are pre-gated on live, CD45+ singlet cells. “Donor” denotes the MHC haplotype originating from BALB/c, while “Recipient” denotes C57BL/6J. (D) Quantification of donor chimerism and total donor cells (BALB/c MHC+) in the peripheral blood and bone marrow of WT (n = 5) and GLP1RKO (n = 6) allogeneic mice at day 7.

Research identifies GLP1R as a novel regulator of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) engraftment and suggests that GLP1R agonists, widely used for metabolic disorders, may have therapeutic potential in preventing HSC graft rejection. Learn more: https://ow.ly/UmpR50Yo9g9

1 month ago 1 0 0 0
Diagram showing skin inflammation triggering type I interferons that activate IFNAR1/2 on HSPCs in bone marrow, leading to either reduced atherosclerosis or severe flu infection.

Diagram showing skin inflammation triggering type I interferons that activate IFNAR1/2 on HSPCs in bone marrow, leading to either reduced atherosclerosis or severe flu infection.

Data reveals the profound and enduring effect of transient inflammation and, more specifically, type-I-IFN signaling, opening the door for a more nuanced understanding of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells’ functional modulation.

🔗 https://ow.ly/ZI5m50Yo8Ua

1 month ago 2 0 0 0
Seven colleagues standing side by side outdoors on a wooden deck with greenery and trees in the background.

Seven colleagues standing side by side outdoors on a wooden deck with greenery and trees in the background.

From Kim Good-Jacobson and team, new data demonstrate a vital role for disruptor of telomeric silencing 1-like (DOT1L) during B-cell lymphopoiesis, marginal zone B-cell generation, and germinal center B-cell biology. Read this #EditorChoice article: https://ow.ly/Oa0750Yn56n

1 month ago 9 3 0 0
UTY and UTX deficiency reduces NK cell cytotoxic molecule expression. (A) Intracellular flow cytometric analysis depicting the relative gMFI of granzyme B and perforin in splenic NK cells (CD3−CD19–NK1.1+) from M-UTXfl/-, M-UTXNKO, M-UTXfl/-UTYfl and M-UTX-UTYNKO mice. (B) Relative gMFI of IFN-γ in PMA/ionomycin-stimulated NK cells (CD3−CD19–NK1.1+) from M-UTXNKO, M-UTX-UTYNKO mice and their corresponding controls. Each symbol indicated an individual mouse. At least 3 independent experiments were included. Data were demonstrated as mean ± SD and analyzed by unpaired 2-tailed Student t test (*, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001).

UTY and UTX deficiency reduces NK cell cytotoxic molecule expression. (A) Intracellular flow cytometric analysis depicting the relative gMFI of granzyme B and perforin in splenic NK cells (CD3−CD19–NK1.1+) from M-UTXfl/-, M-UTXNKO, M-UTXfl/-UTYfl and M-UTX-UTYNKO mice. (B) Relative gMFI of IFN-γ in PMA/ionomycin-stimulated NK cells (CD3−CD19–NK1.1+) from M-UTXNKO, M-UTX-UTYNKO mice and their corresponding controls. Each symbol indicated an individual mouse. At least 3 independent experiments were included. Data were demonstrated as mean ± SD and analyzed by unpaired 2-tailed Student t test (*, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001).

Researchers investigated the contribution of the Y chromosome-encoded epigenetic regulator UTY to male NK cell development and effector function, revealing a cooperative role for UTY and UTX in orchestrating NK cell development. Learn more: https://ow.ly/L9KY50Yo8Ft

1 month ago 0 0 0 0
Group of eight people standing outdoors on grass with colorful autumn trees in the background, dressed in casual fall clothing.

Group of eight people standing outdoors on grass with colorful autumn trees in the background, dressed in casual fall clothing.

In this #EditorsChoice, @stevenkerfoot.bsky.social and team demonstrated that CD19/FcγRIIb co-engagement effectively suppressed processes essential to support T cell–dependent B-cell responses, consistent with the proposed mechanism of action of obexelimab.

🔗 https://ow.ly/9WKj50Yn5nQ

1 month ago 3 2 0 0
Advertisement
Diagram showing platelet-like anucleate cell fragments releasing extracellular vesicles that promote aggregation with coelomocytes for immune modulation and wound healing.

Diagram showing platelet-like anucleate cell fragments releasing extracellular vesicles that promote aggregation with coelomocytes for immune modulation and wound healing.

Data suggest a mechanism for generating anucleate cell fragments with platelet-like functions in invertebrate immune cells. Read about new insights into the evolutionary origins and broader immunological significance of platelets in The JI: https://ow.ly/U3T850Yo8BK

1 month ago 1 0 0 0
Naive CD8 T cells undergo a discordant burst of cytokine production upon activation. Splenocytes from the indicated naïve TCR transgenic mice were activated in vitro with their cognate peptide antigen and IL-2 and IFN-γ production as well as the upregulation of CD25 and CD69 assessed at the indicated time points.

Naive CD8 T cells undergo a discordant burst of cytokine production upon activation. Splenocytes from the indicated naïve TCR transgenic mice were activated in vitro with their cognate peptide antigen and IL-2 and IFN-γ production as well as the upregulation of CD25 and CD69 assessed at the indicated time points.

Data demonstrated that both IL-2-producing and non-producing CD8 T cells can establish a memory pool, and that memory formation could proceed independently of endogenous IL-2, but early intrinsic IL-2 reduced cell differentiation. Read more: https://ow.ly/ZOHF50Yn5rw

1 month ago 2 0 0 0
Post image

In this #EditorsChoice, data from The Lund Lab show that CXCR6 promotes the adaptation of T cells as they engage antigen in tissue to increase the probability of survival, memory differentiation, and long-term residence.

🔗 https://ow.ly/6fjA50Yn5zf

1 month ago 6 2 0 0
Diagram showing IVIG inhibiting TNF-α in responsive KD but not in resistant KD, highlighting Myd88 and IκBζ roles in coronary artery endothelial cells.

Diagram showing IVIG inhibiting TNF-α in responsive KD but not in resistant KD, highlighting Myd88 and IκBζ roles in coronary artery endothelial cells.

Researchers found that dimethyl itaconate (DI) and dimethyl fumarate might suppress IVIG-resistant coronary artery inflammation in #kawasakidisease patients, highlighting their therapeutic potential for treating IVIG-resistant KD. https://ow.ly/CyFI50YnYGv

1 month ago 1 1 0 0
Group of twelve people standing on green grass with trees and a hill in the background during daylight.

Group of twelve people standing on green grass with trees and a hill in the background during daylight.

Data establish glutamine synthetase (GS) as a key regulator of CD8+ T cells’ stress resilience in the tumor microenvironment, and GS inhibition offered a promising therapeutic strategy to enhance immune-based cancer treatments. Read this #EditorsChoice: https://ow.ly/HoyV50Yn65q

1 month ago 1 1 0 0
CD8+ lymphocytes exhibit a wide variety of functions, both pro- and anti-inflammatory, that contribute to control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. A balance of these responses is required to achieve success on the level of the granuloma to prevent progression and dissemination, although there does not appear to be a single combination of cytokines that leads to containment. Created with BioRender.

CD8+ lymphocytes exhibit a wide variety of functions, both pro- and anti-inflammatory, that contribute to control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. A balance of these responses is required to achieve success on the level of the granuloma to prevent progression and dissemination, although there does not appear to be a single combination of cytokines that leads to containment. Created with BioRender.

In a #BriefReview, Joanne Flynn discusses the current understanding of roles for different CD8+ lymphocyte subsets in responses against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and implications for novel vaccine and therapeutic development. Read it here: https://ow.ly/9eZo50Yn61C

1 month ago 5 2 1 0