That is a fascinating piece of 19th-century material culture. This specific pattern is rich with the iconography of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows (IOOF), a fraternal organization that was immensely popular in the United States during the late 1800s.
The carpet serves as a visual manifesto of the "Command of the Order," which is woven directly into the borders of the architectural arches. You can see the four pillars of their charitable work:
"Visit the Sick"
"Relieve the Distressed"
"Bury the Dead"
"Protect the Orphan"
Beyond the text, the rug is dense with symbolic "secret" shorthand used by the lodge:
The Triple Links: Usually containing the letters F, L, and T, representing Friendship, Love, and Truth.
The All-Seeing Eye: Representing watchfulness and omniscience.
The Heart in Hand: A symbol of sincerity and greeting.
The Beehive: Representing industry and communal cooperation.
The Skull and Crossbones: A "memento mori," serving as a reminder of mortality.
Technically, this is likely an ingrain carpet, a type of flat-weave common in the Victorian era. Unlike plush rugs, ingrain carpets were reversible and made by weaving two or more layers of cloth together. The bold "turkey red" and black color palette was a classic choice for lodge halls, designed to look impressive under the dim, atmospheric lighting of a secret society's meeting room.
If you find this style of symbolic art interesting, you might also enjoy looking into:
Fraternal "Trancing" or "Initiation" Paintings: Large-scale banners used to teach degrees to new members.
Victorian Lithography: Specifically Masonic or Odd Fellows certificates from the same era, which often feature similar architectural framing.
Apothecary Antiques: Which often share that same dense, labeled aesthetic.
This 1880 rug from the Art Institute of Chicago's collection is pretty cool. It has a lot of messages weaved in. www.artic.edu/artworks/150...