Immunity (@cp-immunity) Bsky

Immunological memory to vaccines The generation of immune memory is at the crux of vaccine efficacy. Here, Crotty reviews the layers of adaptive immunity—T cell, B cells, and antibodies—and their integration to generate a holistic view of vaccine response. Common misconceptions and questions in the field are also highlighted to guide future vaccine considerations.

18 hours ago 1 1 0 0

Plasma cell ontogenies, functions, and lifespans Although B cell development is a well-studied field, we are only beginning to appreciate the diversity and complexity of plasma cell formation and function. In this review, Fields and Bhattacharya discuss factors impacting plasma cell heterogeneity and how these might be leveraged to optimize durable humoral immunity.

23 hours ago 2 0 0 0

Functions and features of circulating memory T cells Memory T (TMEM) cells are designated as either circulating (Tcircm) or tissue-resident (Trm) populations. In this review, Jameson and Hamilton examine the attributes of Tcircm cells and discuss the features and functional heterogeneity of distinct Tcircm subsets, as well as open questions that will serve to move the field forward.

1 day ago 1 0 0 0

Spatial organization of tissue-resident memory T cells Tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells provide local, organ-specific immunity and are shaped by their position within these tissues. This review outlines how priming-associated programming, niche-level microenvironments, and local antigen exposure define TRM cell states and discusses how emerging spatial approach methods are reshaping our understanding of tissue immunity.

1 day ago 5 2 0 0

Molecular and cellular bases of trained immunity In this review, Barreiro and colleagues synthesize molecular and cellular mechanisms of trained immunity across monocytes, tissue-resident macrophages, and HSPCs. They propose a unifying framework linking transcription factor activity, metabolic remodeling, and chromatin dynamics to explain how innate immune memory is established and maintained across cellular hierarchies.

1 day ago 3 2 0 0

Training, memory, and tissue adaptation of NK cells and innate lymphoid cells Immune experience can durably shape innate lymphocytes and their environments. Gasteiger and colleagues discuss how training, memory-like features, and dynamic niche interactions reprogram NK cells and ILCs to adapt their functions and tissue specialization, thus contributing to protective immunity.

1 day ago 4 2 0 0

Runx writes the RORγt code for immune tolerance RORγt is a key transcriptional regulator across diverse immune subsets. In this issue of Immunity, Fukui et al. show how Runx controls RORγt expression during early development and link progenitor specification to the diversification of RORγt+ innate immune lineages.

2 days ago 6 0 0 0

PANoptosis fuels the fire of arthritis Innate immune cell death is critical for host defense but drives inflammatory disease when dysregulated. In this issue of Immunity, Huang et al. report that the complement protein C1q activates macrophage mitochondrial SARM1 to deplete NAD+ and produce cADPR, triggering NLRC5/NLRP12-PANoptosome formation, PANoptosis, and synovial inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis; targeting this pathway reduces inflammation.

2 days ago 1 1 0 0

A fast way to lose antibodies Long-lived plasma cells maintain antibody titers that sustain humoral immunity, yet the physiological cues regulating their persistence remain incompletely understood. In this issue of Immunity, Zhu et al. reveal that fasting-induced β-hydroxybutyrate destabilizes bone marrow plasma cell niches through HCAR2 signaling, accelerating the loss of long-lived plasma cells and humoral immunity.

2 days ago 1 0 0 0

Two to tango: Microglia in glioblastoma invasion A lethal feature of glioblastoma is its ability to spread within the brain. In this issue of Immunity, Nebeling et al. use longitudinal three-photon imaging in an immunocompetent glioblastoma model to show that microglial responses at the far infiltration zone are spatially restricted and biphasic, with CX3CR1 signaling modulating tumor invasion dynamics.

3 days ago 2 0 0 0

Universal vaccines? Only if your antibody genes agree Designing a universal influenza vaccine must address not only viral antigenic drift but also genetic variability in human antibody responses. In this issue of Immunity, two studies from the Karlsson-Hedestam lab (Corcoran et al. and Fischer et al.) integrating immunoglobulin (Ig) genotyping with antibody sequencing prompt a critical question: have we fully explored how ancestry-specific Ig genotypes shape epitope targeting and influence the feasibility of germline-targeting vaccine strategies?

3 days ago 1 0 0 0

Human immune aging clock identifies RUNX1 as a decelerator of T cell senescence The immune system is a key contributor to organismal aging. Here, Ping et al. leverage single-cell multi-omics to construct a human immune aging clock, which pinpoints T cells as an aging nexus. RUNX1 orchestrates a transcriptional network that restrains T cell senescence. Restoring RUNX1 functionally rejuvenates aged human T cells, offering a strategy for geroprotection.

3 days ago 3 0 0 0

Germline-targeting HIV immunogen induces cross-neutralizing antibodies in outbred macaques Inducing broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) remains a challenge in HIV vaccine development. Mishra et al. show that an engineered germline-targeting HIV trimer, Q23-APEX-GT2, primes rare V2-apex bnAb precursors in humanized mice and outbred macaques, eliciting antibodies with modest neutralization breadth. Structural analyses confirm V2-apex bnAb site targeting and diverse CDRH3-mediated binding modes resembling human bnAbs, providing proof of principle for targeted vaccine strategies.

3 days ago 0 0 0 0

Agonistic anti-CD40 antibody treatment converts resident regulatory T cells into activated type 1 effectors within the tumor microenvironment Regulatory T (Treg) cells are phenotypically stable in inflammatory settings. Maltez et al. report that αCD40 immunotherapy induced conversion of Treg cells into FoxP3−Tbet+IFN-γ+ “ExTreg” cells within the tumor microenvironment. ExTreg cells exhibited increased antigen reactivity and spatially associated with Cxcl9+dendritic cells in the tumor periphery, suggesting plasticity and anti-tumor potential.

4 days ago 2 0 0 0

Memory T cell aging and rejuvenation Aging profoundly alters memory T cell immunity, reshaping diversity, differentiation, and function. Adamo et al. review how intrinsic aging programs, antigenic experience, and tissue context shape T cell responses and discuss emerging strategies to recalibrate memory T cell immunity in later life without compromising immune balance.

4 days ago 2 0 0 0

Microglia-glioblastoma crosstalk mediates glioblastoma invasion at the far infiltration zone Infiltration of glioblastoma (GB) cells into the brain parenchyma and colonization of distant regions are associated with disease recurrence and therapy resistance. Using 3-photon intravital microscopy in an autochthonous GB model, Nebeling et al. identify structured, stage-dependent microglial responses at the far infiltration zone and show that microglial manipulation modulates tumor microtube plasticity and invasion.

4 days ago 6 1 0 0

High-fat diet causes rapid loss of intestinal group 3 innate lymphoid cells through microbiota-driven inflammation and mitochondrial stress Although long-term dietary effects on the immune system are well established, how short-term high-fat diet (HFD) alters intestinal immunity is less understood. Here, Torrico et al. show that within hours of initiating HFD, microbiota-driven inflammation coordinates with lipid accumulation in ILC3s to trigger mitochondrial lipid peroxidation and ILC3 cell death.

4 days ago 3 0 0 0

Genetically diverse influenza antibodies highlight the role of IG germline gene variation and inform population-comprehensive vaccine strategies Variation in antibody genetics, as illustrated in the accompanying paper by Corcoran et al., can present a challenge to the development of population-wide protective vaccines. Fischer, Corcoran, et al. investigate influenza-specific antibodies to obtain a deeper understanding of how inherited differences influence the response. Their results highlight population vulnerabilities that could be mitigated in the design of globally protective vaccines.

5 days ago 1 0 0 0

A hierarchical Rorc(γt) cis-regulatory cascade orchestrates differentiation of RORγt⁺ innate immune cells Transcription factor RORγt is a central regulator of type 3 immunity, essential for host defense and tissue homeostasis. Fukui et al. identify a hierarchical CNS11-CNS9 enhancer cascade that governs RORγt expression across innate lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells. Disruption of this transcriptional regulation perturbs lymphoid organ development and gut immune balance.

5 days ago 2 1 0 0

Ultra-high-throughput IGH genotyping of 25 global populations reveals population-biased allelic diversity and homozygous V and D gene deletions The genes that encode our antibodies display extensive variation between individuals. Corcoran et al. developed a high-throughput sequence-based method for identifying variations in antibody genes (ImmuneDiscover). This enabled the sequencing of 2,486 individuals with 25 different population ancestries, identifying variations that are population specific and may underlie differences in disease susceptibility and vaccine response at both an individual and population level.

5 days ago 2 1 0 0

Resident tissue macrophages maintain intraocular pressure homeostasis Intraocular pressure (IOP) is dysregulated in glaucoma, a leading cause of blindness. Immune contributions to IOP maintenance are poorly understood. Liu et al. reveal that long-lived resident tissue macrophages have a specialized role in IOP homeostasis by regulating extracellular matrix turnover. These findings identify an integral homeostatic role for tissue-resident macrophages in resistance-generating tissues that are dysfunctional in glaucoma.

5 days ago 3 0 0 0

Macrophage metabolic exhaustion and PANoptotic cell death drive chronic tissue inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis Rheumatoid joints contain macrophages with reparative potential, yet inflammation persists. Huang et al. demonstrate that these homeostatic macrophages lose their protective role by undergoing PANoptotic death. Mechanistically, C1q activates the mitochondrial enzyme SARM1, driving NAD⁺ cleavage into cADPR, which precipitates metabolic collapse and PANoptosis. The resulting macrophage death amplifies autoimmune tissue inflammation through the release of pro-inflammatory mediators.

5 days ago 1 0 0 0

HIF-1α+ CD4+ T cells coordinate a tissue-resident immune cell network in the lung Tertiary lymphoid structures are critical components of tissue immunity, necessitating better understanding of their organization and immune functions. De Lima et al. investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of lung HIF-1α-active CD4⁺ T cells. They show that HIF-1α activity sustains lung-resident CD4+ T cells that organize an IL-21-dependent immune network, integrating local protection during infection and cancer.

6 days ago 1 0 0 0

Spatiotemporal dynamics of CXCL10 encode contextual immune information revealed by the genetically encoded fluorescent sensor (Immunity 58, 2320–2335.e1–e9; September 9, 2025)

6 days ago 2 0 0 0

B lymphocytes that enter the germinal center late preferentially differentiate into memory cells that recognize subdominant epitopes Using a dual-recombinase fate-mapping system to trace late-entry invader B cells in germinal centers, Zhou et al. show that across vaccination and influenza infection, invaders preferentially generate memory B cells, whose antibodies target subdominant epitopes. Their findings suggest that invader B cells—late arrivals to the GC—are an important source of immune memory diversification.

6 days ago 2 0 0 0

ScienceDirect.com | Science, health and medical journals, full text articles and books.

My new comprehensive review of Immune Memory to Vaccines is out! It has an emphasis on human vaccines. It is also accompanied by a full video lecture. Enjoy!
@lji.org @cp-immunity.bsky.social
authors.elsevier.com/sd/article/S...

6 days ago 36 12 1 2

Germline-targeting HIV immunogen induces cross-neutralizing antibodies in outbred macaques Inducing broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) remains a challenge in HIV vaccine development. Mishra et al. show that an engineered germline-targeting HIV trimer, Q23-APEX-GT2, primes rare V2-apex ...

Excited to share our new paper in @cp-immunity.bsky.social showing that "Germline-targeting HIV immunogen induces cross-neutralizing antibodies in outbred macaques" A promisingstep toward an HIV vaccine advancing soon to human clinical testing! Immunity www.cell.com/immunity/ful...

6 days ago 3 2 1 0

We’re taking a closer look at immune ‘memory’ Vaccines teach the body to fight disease. We still have a lot to learn about how long that immune

According to the WHO, vaccine-induced immunity saves about six lives every minute.

But how long does this protective immune “memory” last?

LJI Prof. Shane Crotty (@profshanecrotty.bsky.social) shares a comprehensive review on immune memory: bit.ly/3OD9svC

@cp-immunity.bsky.social #Immunology

6 days ago 10 6 0 0

Fasting impairs humoral immunological memory by β-hydroxybutyrate-mediated depletion of plasma cells Vaccine-induced long-lived plasma cells protect the host by secreting neutralizing antibodies, yet the mechanism regulating their lifespan remains unclear. Here, Zhu et al. reveal that fasting depletes long-lived plasma cells and thus impairs humoral immunological memory.

1 week ago 3 1 1 0

Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay inhibition reshapes the cancer immunopeptidome @cp-immunity.bsky.social
www.cell.com/immunity/ful... @charlesswanton.bsky.social @crick.ac.uk @ucl.ac.uk @kevlitchfield.bsky.social

1 week ago 4 1 0 0

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