Bacteriophage titering by optical density means: KOTE assays - PubMed Bacteriophages, or phages, are the viruses of bacteria. Since at least the later 1940s, researchers have studied phages using spectrophotometrically determined measures of bacterial-culture turbidity (optical density). Recently, two groups have proposed the use of kinetic visualizations of phage-ind …

Bacteriophage titering by optical density means: KOTE assays.

DOI: 10.1515/biol-2025-1209

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41883389/

Highly Efficient Virus Rejection with Self-Organized Membranes Based on a Crosslinked Bicontinuous Cubic Liquid Crystal - PubMed To remove viruses from water, the use of self-assembling liquid crystals is presented as a novel method for the synthesis of membranes with a regular pore size (below 1 nm) and controlled pore structures. Nanostructured bicontinuous cubic liquid-crystalline (LC) thin films are photopolymerized onto …

Highly Efficient Virus Rejection with Self-Organized Membranes Based on a Crosslinked Bicontinuous Cubic Liquid Crystal.

DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700252

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28485109/

Enhanced multi-omic viral profiling from microbial community sequencing with BAQLaVa - PubMed Viruses are crucial components of microbial communities, both phage that infect bacterial community members as well as pathogenic and other eukaryotic viruses. However, they remain unobserved by most current technologies, due to combinations of experimental and analytical factors. To address the lat …

Enhanced multi-omic viral profiling from microbial community sequencing with BAQLaVa.

DOI: 10.64898/2026.02.11.705346

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41726920/

StackPVP: a stacked ensemble classification framework for predicting phage virion proteins using integrated evolutionary features - PubMed Phage therapy has attracted increasing attention as a potential antibacterial strategy. Phage virion proteins (PVPs) are vital for recognizing host cells and binding to their surface receptors. Thus, accurate PVP identification is essential for developing antibacterial agents. In this study, we intr …

StackPVP: a stacked ensemble classification framework for predicting phage virion proteins using integrated evolutionary features.

DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2026.1729937

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41929677/

Characterization of DNA Viruses in Hindgut Contents of Protaetia brevitarsis Larvae - PubMed The scarab species <i>Protaetia brevitarsis</i>, an edible insect, has been used in traditional medicine, as animal feed, and for converting agricultural organic wastes into biofertilizer. The intestinal tract, which contains a diverse array of microbiota, including viruses, plays a critical role in …

Characterization of DNA Viruses in Hindgut Contents of Protaetia brevitarsis Larvae.

DOI: 10.3390/insects16080800

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40870601/

Recurrent phage treatment of Salmonella-infected chickens transiently reshapes gut microbiota composition and function - PubMed Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses that target bacteria and hold great promise as therapeutics against multidrug-resistant bacteria, pathogen infections, and for microbiota engineering. Despite their potential, the effect of phage therapy on gut microbiota remains insufficiently explored. This stud …

Recurrent phage treatment of Salmonella-infected chickens transiently reshapes gut microbiota composition and function.

DOI: 10.1186/s13567-025-01708-4

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41832592/

New horizons of nanotechnology-enabled phage therapies for effective management of bacterial infections - PubMed Bacterial infections continue to persist as a major global healthcare challenge, exacerbated by the alarming rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) that renders conventional antibiotics increasingly ineffective. In response, bacteriophage therapy has re-emerged as a viable alternative to antibiotics …

New horizons of nanotechnology-enabled phage therapies for effective management of bacterial infections.

DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2026.108839

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41654279/

Identification of chalcopyrite-binding peptides for flotation applications using phage display and deep sequencing - PubMed Phage display is a powerful technology for identifying new ligands, including mineral-selective peptides. However, it is prone to several biases that may lead to false positives or false negatives, particularly due to non-specific binding, amplification bias, and the limited number of clones typical …

Identification of chalcopyrite-binding peptides for flotation applications using phage display and deep sequencing.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2026.03.001

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41802675/

Bridging the Structural Gap: A Methodological Review of Cryo-Electron Microscopy for Underrepresented Viruses - PubMed Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has revolutionized structural virology, enabling routine structure determination at 2-4 Å resolution, with exceptional cases reaching 1.56 Å. The structural diversity of viruses across vertebrate, plant, and insect hosts provides fundamental insights into infection …

Bridging the Structural Gap: A Methodological Review of Cryo-Electron Microscopy for Underrepresented Viruses.

DOI: 10.3390/v18020195

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41754540/

Alternating High-Fat and Polysaccharide Diets Modulates Gut Phage-Bacterial Interplay - PubMed Phages dominate the human gut virome and are known for their ability to prey on bacteria and shape microbiota. However, their response to diet has only been elucidated using small-scale studies. By integrating a massive meta-analysis of 6932 diet-associated metagenomes with a time-resolved mouse mod …

Alternating High-Fat and Polysaccharide Diets Modulates Gut Phage-Bacterial Interplay.

DOI: 10.1002/advs.202516916

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41816995/

Bacteria and phage consortia modulate cecal SCFA production and host metabolism to enhance feed efficiency in ducks - PubMed Collectively, these findings provide novel insights into the gut microbial factors regulating FE in ducks, offering potential strategies to optimize poultry nutrition and productivity. Video Abstract.

Bacteria and phage consortia modulate cecal SCFA production and host metabolism to enhance feed efficiency in ducks.

DOI: 10.1186/s40168-026-02368-y

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41782011/

Phages as antimicrobials against multi-drug resistant bacteria - PubMed Multi-drug resistant bacteria (MDR) pose a major public health challenge. Their ability to exchange resistance genes through Horizontal Gene Transfer (HGT) promotes the appearance of resistant strains, limiting antibiotic treatments for infections caused by these MDR bacteria. Among alternative appr …

Phages as antimicrobials against multi-drug resistant bacteria.

DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2026.1747240

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41809603/

Identification of non-toxic AAV capsid variants with enhanced deep retinal transduction and extended distribution following subretinal delivery - PubMed Subretinal injection remains the standard method for delivering genes to the retina. However, diffusion into deeper retinal layers is often limited by sequestration of wild-type AAV2 vectors at the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). In this study, we used in vitro phage display strategy to identify n …

Identification of non-toxic AAV capsid variants with enhanced deep retinal transduction and extended distribution following subretinal delivery.

DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2026.153620

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41833078/

Colibactin produced by a honeybee symbiont defends against pathogens and shapes the gut community - PubMed Colibactin is a bacterial genotoxin that is linked to colorectal cancer and implicated in interbacterial competition; however, its role in natural communities remains unknown. <i>Frischella perrara</i>, a symbiont living only in honeybee guts, produces colibactin and causes DNA damage. Here, we foun …

Colibactin produced by a honeybee symbiont defends against pathogens and shapes the gut community.

DOI: 10.64898/2025.12.27.695564

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41846975/

Longitudinal multi-omics reveal phase-dependent viral adaptive strategies and functional potential during formation of algal-bacterial granular sludge - PubMed Virus-prokaryote interactions within microbial aggregates critically influence microbiome function and stability, yet the interactive dynamics during microbial aggregation remain largely unexplored. Here, longitudinal multi-omics revealed that prokaryotic host community diversity underwent decline a …

Longitudinal multi-omics reveal phase-dependent viral adaptive strategies and functional potential during formation of algal-bacterial granular sludge.

DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134410

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41831799/

Therapeutic potential of three virulent bacteriophages targeting clinical Enterobacter hormaechei strains: comprehensive biological properties and genomic functional analysis - PubMed The emergence of multidrug-resistant Enterobacter cloacae complex (ECC) strains, particularly Enterobacter hormaechei, underscores the urgent need for alternative antimicrobial strategies. This study reports the isolation and comprehensive characterization of three virulent bacteriophages - Enteroba …

Therapeutic potential of three virulent bacteriophages targeting clinical Enterobacter hormaechei strains: comprehensive biological properties and genomic functional analysis.

DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2026.110859

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41775076/

Conditional activation of Cas13 enforces lysogeny in a native type VI-A CRISPR host - PubMed CRISPR-Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins) systems present a barrier to prophage acquisition by restricting invading phages or by inducing autoimmune cleavage of integrated prophage DNA. The RNA-sensing type VI CRISPR nuclease Cas13 mediates …

Conditional activation of Cas13 enforces lysogeny in a native type VI-A CRISPR host.

DOI: 10.1038/s41564-026-02288-5

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41807728/

Global genomic diversity of temperate P2-like viruses - PubMed P2-like viruses (P2Vs), temperate phages of the Peduoviridae family, possess a lysogenic lifestyle that renders traditional isolation unsuitable, hindering our understanding of their diversity and ecological roles. Utilizing profile-hidden Markov models to analyze public databases, this study achiev …

Global genomic diversity of temperate P2-like viruses.

DOI: 10.1038/s42003-026-09823-4

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41803419/

Identification and characterization of Phi1 and Phi3 bacteriophages targeting Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca, the causal agent of olive quick decline in Italy - PubMed The xylem-limited bacterium Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) is increasingly threatening global agriculture due to the absence of effective control strategies. Phage biocontrol represents a promising alternative; however, only a limited number of bacteriophages have been identified against Xf. In this study, …

Identification and characterization of Phi1 and Phi3 bacteriophages targeting Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca, the causal agent of olive quick decline in Italy.

DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-41707-9

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41781468/

Structural and functional diversity of toxin-antitoxin-chaperone systems - PubMed Toxin-antitoxin-chaperone (TAC) systems are three-part gene clusters encoding a toxin, antitoxin, and specialized SecB-like chaperone (SecB^TA) with emerging roles in phage defense. To identify and classify SecB homologs and associated TACs across bacteria, we surveyed the full RefSeq data …

Structural and functional diversity of toxin-antitoxin-chaperone systems.

DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2026.117024

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41779618/

Live and let die: Lysis time variability and resource limitation shape lytic bacteriophage fitness - PubMed Bacteriophages (phages) play a critical role in controlling bacterial populations, both in nature and as potential therapeutic agents. Their ability to replicate, compete against each other, and eradicate target cell populations is usually understood through a number of 'life history parameters', tr …

Live and let die: Lysis time variability and resource limitation shape lytic bacteriophage fitness.

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013340

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41838749/

Dynamics of gut bacteriophage in diversity outbred mice studied over lifespan and during extreme caloric restriction - PubMed These studies enrich our understanding of DNA phage dynamics in gut while emphasizing the predominance of "piggyback-the-winner" strategies.

Dynamics of gut bacteriophage in diversity outbred mice studied over lifespan and during extreme caloric restriction.

DOI: 10.1186/s40168-026-02362-4

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41772715/

Functional and Genomic Features of a Lytic Salmonella Phage vB_StyS_KFSST1 for Development as New Feed Additive - PubMed Lytic phages have emerged as promising candidates for feed additives for controlling <i>Salmonella</i> in poultry, owing to their high specificity, self-replication, and excellent stability. According to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) guidelines, their application as feed additives requir …

Functional and Genomic Features of a Lytic Salmonella Phage vB_StyS_KFSST1 for Development as New Feed Additive.

DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2025.e34

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41822833/

Isolation and Characterization of the Polyvalent Enterobacteria-Infecting Phage Cit2 with Potential for Biocontrol Applications - PubMed <span><i>Salmonella enterica</i> is a major foodborne pathogen globally, often associated with poultry and fresh produce. The rising prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains and the limited efficacy of conventional decontamination methods highlight the need for alternative, targeted strategies. Bac</span> …

Isolation and Characterization of the Polyvalent Enterobacteria-Infecting Phage Cit2 with Potential for Biocontrol Applications.

DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.5c10441

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41835491/

Comprehensive genomic and metabolomic profiling of Weissella confusa UTNCys2-2 highlights bioactive potential - PubMed <span><i>W. confusa</i> UTNCys2-2 represents a biosafe and metabolically versatile strain with strong genomic capacity for EPS production, potential for novel secondary metabolite biosynthesis, and diverse bioactive properties, supporting its applicability in food fermentation, probiotic development, and</span> …

Comprehensive genomic and metabolomic profiling of Weissella confusa UTNCys2-2 highlights bioactive potential.

DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2026.1779198

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41834849/

Outsmarting the wicked smart: Using chemistry to overcome bacterial anti-viral systems - PubMed Bacteriophage therapy has regained popularity in treating antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. However, bacteria encode clever ways to evade lytic cell death inflicted by phages. In this issue, Zang and coworkers report a small molecule that inhibits type II Thoeris anti-phage systems from pat …

Outsmarting the wicked smart: Using chemistry to overcome bacterial anti-viral systems.

DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2026.01.015

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41679280/

Nanopore direct RNA sequencing (DRS) of MS2 bacteriophages in E. coli throughout its life cycles reveals a complex transcriptional activity to control and maintain its growth - PubMed Overall, our investigation revealed a more complex transcriptional dynamics of MS2 phages than anticipated within E. coli to maintain its growth and replication under host pressure.

Nanopore direct RNA sequencing (DRS) of MS2 bacteriophages in E. coli throughout its life cycles reveals a complex transcriptional activity to control and maintain its growth.

DOI: 10.1186/s12985-026-03121-5

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41792790/

Bacteriophage-based control of Pseudomonas spp.: research trends and biotechnological challenges - PubMed Bacteriophage-based control of Pseudomonas spp.: research trends and biotechnological challenges

Bacteriophage-based control of Pseudomonas spp.: research trends and biotechnological challenges.

DOI: 10.1007/s12223-026-01458-6

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41838339/

Screening of bacteriophages for subsequent treatment of resistant Escherichia coli infections transmitted through poultry - PubMed Infections caused by pathogenic and antibiotic-resistant <i>Escherichia coli</i> are a major public health concern in both healthcare and livestock sectors. These bacteria are responsible for diseases such as urinary tract infections and gastroenteritis, which are increasingly difficult to treat wit …

Screening of bacteriophages for subsequent treatment of resistant Escherichia coli infections transmitted through poultry.

DOI: 10.1007/s42770-026-01897-w

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41838240/

A Rapid and Sensitive Detection Cascade for Bacillus subtilis Vegetative Cells Utilizing Phage-Derived CBD and Lysin - PubMed <span><i>Bacillus subtilis</i> is a ubiquitous Gram-positive bacterium with significant industrial and agricultural applications, yet it is also associated with food spoilage and opportunistic infections. Current detection techniques are often constrained by their complexity, extended processing time, fai</span> …

A Rapid and Sensitive Detection Cascade for Bacillus subtilis Vegetative Cells Utilizing Phage-Derived CBD and Lysin.

DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5c07819

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41802165/