#EarlyLifeImmunity #Immunology #EFIS #ELINE

Looking forward to our next seminar on May 7🎉

🎤Tobias Kollmann - Why do newborns die? What we can do about it: Shift focus from pathogen to host
🎤Clara Delaroque - Microbiome in Heritage: How Maternal Microbiome Transmission Impacts Next-Generation Health

Registration: www.efis-eline.eu/seminars

1 week until our next seminar! 🎉

Register here:
www.efis-eline.eu/seminars

Natural maternal immunity protects neonates from Escherichia coli sepsis - Nature Neonatal sepsis caused by Escherichia coli is associated with reduced transfer of pathogen-specific maternal antibodies and, in a mouse model, can be prevented by maternal preconceptual&nbsp...

Hopefully, this will help to push the severe E.coli infection numbers below 1 of 1000 in the future! (7/7)

Read the full paper here: www.nature.com/articles/s41...

Levels of E. coli specific IgGs were similar in maternal blood pre birth and cord blood, opening an angle for prenatal screening for babies at potentially high risk of E. coli infections/sepsis as well as potential probiotic use of E. coli during pregnancy to prevent infections (6/7)

While total IgG amounts did not differ, E. coli specific IgGs, especially OmpA-specific (highly conserved, abundant outer membrane protein of E.coli and other Gram-negative bacteria) did: Babies who later on developed sepsis had decreased levels of these specific IgGs.
(5/7)

To show that this is relevant in human neonates as well, dried blood spots from routine neonatal screening were used to investigate the relationship between antibodies and later E. coli infections and sepsis: (4/7)

Nissle induced IgG was transfered to the offspring via the placenta, protecting neonatal mice born to Nissle colonized dams from E.coli UTI89 infection. This depended on FcgR and complement system in the pups, showing that the maternal antibodies opsonize pathogenic E. coli (3/7)

The authors employed a trait of specific pathogen free mice often seen as a disadvantage - being devoid of commensal E.coli colonization. They colonized female mice with E. coli Nissle. This induced a IgG responses and protected against infection with other E. coli strains via cross-reactivity (2/7)

Natural maternal immunity protects neonates from Escherichia coli sepsis - Nature Neonatal sepsis caused by Escherichia coli is associated with reduced transfer of pathogen-specific maternal antibodies and, in a mouse model, can be prevented by maternal preconceptual&nbsp...

Nearly every baby is colonized by various E. coli at birth, but luckily only 1 in 1000 develops a severe infection: A new paper in Nature shows how maternal IgG specific to mum`s gut E.coli protects neonates.

Read here: www.nature.com/articles/s41...

#EFIS #ELINE #NeonatalImmmunology (1/7)

EFIS-ELINE - Seminars Seminars run on the first Thursday of every month at 16:00 CET. We kick off with a 15-minute spotlight talk from an early-career researcher, then a senior scientist takes the stage for a deeper dive, ...

Save the date for our second seminar: April 2, 4 pm CET

🎤 Adrian Erlebacher - Mechanisms of parturition timing in mice
🎤 Dan Corral – Maternal Immune Regulation of Lactation

Register here:
www.efis-eline.eu/seminars

#EarlyLifeImmunity #Immunology #EFIS

Mucosal vaccination in mice provides protection from diverse respiratory threats Traditional vaccines target specific pathogens, limiting their scope against diverse respiratory threats. We describe an intranasal liposomal formulation combining toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and 7/8 l...

Link: www.science.org/doi/10.1126/...

#ELINE #EarlyLifeImmunity #Vaccines #MucosalImmunology #BCG #TrainedImmunity #Immunology

(7/7)

At ELINE, we are interested in how these principles translate to infants. Understanding the unique organization of the neonatal immune system is essential to determine whether similar immune programs can be induced early in life and how these concepts can be integrated into vaccine strategies. (6/7)

At the same time, key questions remain. In particular, we still need to understand how antigen-specific T cells can drive apparently antigen-independent protection, and how such immune circuits are established and maintained. (5/7)

Together with work on trained immunity, these findings support a broader view of vaccine action in which adaptive immune memory, innate cell programming, and tissue niches cooperate to generate pathogen-agnostic protection. (4/7)

This paper provides an intriguing mechanistic perspective such effects: The authors show that mucosal vaccination can establish lung-resident memory T cells that imprint alveolar macrophages and tissue environment, generating a durable immune state with rapid response to diverse pathogens. (3/7)

Some vaccines provide benefits beyond protection against their intended pathogen: BCG vaccination in children showed that BCG scar formation/positive tuberculin response were associated with reduced childhood mortality in general, not only protection from tuberculosis. (2/7)

Mucosal vaccination in mice provides protection from diverse respiratory threats Traditional vaccines target specific pathogens, limiting their scope against diverse respiratory threats. We describe an intranasal liposomal formulation combining toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and 7/8 l...

Most vaccines are designed to protect against a single pathogen - this new study proposes a different concept: mucosal vaccination providing broad protection against multiple respiratory pathogens.
www.science.org/doi/10.1126/...

Reminds us of BCG vaccination in neonates! (1/7)

Interestingly, in another setting and model, postnatal skin CD301b+ DC2 have been described as well in Treg induction to skin commensals, with priming happening in the lymph nodes. Further reading here (5/5):
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37028427/

This adds to the growing evidence that early life immunity is qualitatively different from adult on tissue-specific level - definitely worth a read for everyone thinking about postnatal maturation of tissue immunity and mechanisms or developmental windows of atopic disease/allergy induction (4/5)

They show that CD301b+ cDC2 in a distinct state - so called “peripheral immune-inducer” DCs - can prime IL17+ gdT cells locally in the skin, without migration to lymph nodes. This process was limited to the first 2 weeks after birth and controlled by corticosterone signalling (3/5)

When challenging neonatal mice with house-dust mite as well as other common allergen injection to the skin, the authors observed a much more aggravated inflammatory reaction than in adults - why? (2/5)

Peripheral immune-inducer dendritic cells drive early-life allergic inflammation - Nature Early-life exposure to allergens triggers a distinct local mode of dendritic cell activation in neonatal skin without requiring migration to lymph nodes, which shapes responses to allergens in later l...

New exciting #NeonatalImmunology paper: Peripheral immune-inducer dendritic cells drive early-life allergic inflammation (1/5) www.nature.com/articles/s41...

One week until our the kick-off of our seminar series!
Stay tuned and register here: www.efis-eline.eu/seminars

#EarlyLifeImmunity #Immunology #EFIS

What do we do?
💡 monthly open online seminar series to foster exchange, visibility, and new collaborations across the community and showcase work of early career researchers and established PIs in neonatal immunology
🌆 Stay tuned for in-person meeting dealing with neonatal immunology!

What is ELINE?
We are a brand new EFIS study group: ELINE stands for Early Life Immunity Network Europe - our goal is to connect researchers and clinicians across Europe working on immunity in the newborn and infant period.

EFIS-ELINE - Seminars Seminars run on the first Thursday of every month at 16:00 CET. We kick off with a 15-minute spotlight talk from an early-career researcher, then a senior scientist takes the stage for a deeper dive, ...

We are excited to kick-off of our seminar series on March 5, 4pm CET 🥳

🎤 Petter Brodin – A seeding reaction to colonizing microbes in human newborns
🎤 Eva Stange – Neonatal liver niches program T cell tolerance

Register here: www.efis-eline.eu/seminars

#EarlyLifeImmunity #Immunology #EFIS