Dimensions of an R-loop structure relative to RNA polymerase I| (RNAPII), and its relevance to viral and host genomes. An R-loop forms when RNA hybridizes with the complementary DNA strand, typically spanning hundreds of base pairs, although in some genomic contexts, R-loops can extend up to 2 kilobases (kb) in length.
This corresponds to a possible range from ~34 nanometers (nm) to over 600nm. These structures can arise in
both viral and host genomes and are characterized by similar biochemical features and dependence on
comparable enzymatic machinery. For spatial context, the RNA Polymerase I| (RNAPII) core enzyme has a compact structure with a length of around 15nm and a height of 8 to 10nm. The holoenzyme, which includes additional transcription factors such as Mediator and TFIIH, exceeds 40nm in size and has a molecular mass
greater than 2 megadaltons (MDa). Within the RNAPII complex, the transcription bubble spans ~ 10nm, with DNA entry and exit channels measuring ~2m and the RNA exit channel slightly wider at ~ 3nm. These structural comparisons highlight the physical scale of R-loops relative to the transcription machinery in both host and viral contexts.
#Medsky๐งช #Immunosky #IDSky #publichealth #Microsky #Biology & Evolution of viruses . Intriguing research on the roles of R loops in #viralpathogenesis, latency & reactivation; explores how viruses harness or evade R Loop associated responses