Dynamics and universal scaling of Worthington jets in the cavity-free regime Existing research on Worthington jets has paid most attention to those forced by cavity collapse. Focusing on the cavity-free regime across various sphere-liquid impact configurations, we derive a uni...

When a drop or object hits water, a narrow high-speed jet can shoot upward: the #WorthingtonJet. This study reveals universal scaling laws that govern how these jets form and evolve across different impact conditions.

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#FluidDynamics #DropImpact #InterfacialFlows