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🎌 N4 Grammar: 場合は(ばあいは)
“In the event of / In the case of”
Used to describe what happens if A occurs, especially unexpected or situational events.
🔹 Structure
Verb + 場合は
い-adj + 場合は
な-adj + な + 場合は
Noun + の + 場合は
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📘 N4 Grammar: 少なくない (sukunakunai)
Meaning: quite a few / quite a lot / many
🧠 Double negative alert:
少ない = “a few”
少なくない = “not few → MANY”
🗣 Example
友だちは少なくない。
Tomodachi wa sukunakunai.
= I have quite a few friends.
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🌙 JLPT N4 Grammar
少しも〜ない (sukoshi mo nai)
Meaning
Not even a little. Not at all. Never.
Usage
少しも + Verb ない
少しも + い Adj ない
少しも + な Adj ではない
少しも adds strong emphasis
“not even a tiny bit”
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🌸 ない〜はない 🌸
N4 Grammar – Double Negative
「ない〜はない」(nai 〜 wa nai) = “There’s nothing that doesn’t ~”
Used when something always happens or always exists.
⚠️ Don’t mix it up with 「なくはない」(naku wa nai) = “It’s not that it isn’t.”
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(Number) + しか〜ない 💡
Used to say no more than, only, or as few as.
📘 Example:
彼女にはまだ1回しか会っていない。
Kanojo ni wa mada ikkai shika atte inai.
👉 I’ve met her only once.
💬 Try making your own しか〜ない sentence below! 👇
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Breakdown
📝 On the JLPT practice test index page, you’ll find 5 full tests per level, plus a breakdown of each section and the total time.
📊 You’ll also see your final score and latest test date for each test.
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📘 N4 Grammar: 以外(igai)
= except / besides / other than
メアリー以外、誰も来なかった。
Mearī igai, dare mo konakatta.
👉 No one came except Mary.
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📘 N4 Grammar: 以下(ika)
= “less than or equal to” / “under”
この家は2000万円以下です。
Kono ie wa ni-sen man-en ika desu.
👉 This house costs ≤ 20 million yen
Use ika when you want to show the maximum amount.
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✨【なおす vs つづける】✨
Both can attach to other verbs, but they mean different things:
🔁 〜なおす (naosu) = to re-do something
▶️ やりなおす → to do again
➡️ 〜つづける (tsuzukeru) = to continue doing something
▶️ 勉強しつづける → to keep studying
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✨【〜代】✨
Use 〜代 (だい) to talk about decades of age or time.
👩🎓 10代 → teens
👨💼 30代 → thirties
📅 1980年代 → the 1980s
💡 代 can mark ages, decades, or even whole eras.
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📕【〜く・〜に】
Want to describe how something is done in Japanese?
Use 〜く for い-adjectives and 〜に for な-adjectives! 💬
🗣 Examples:
・彼は彼女に甘く話しかけた。
→ He spoke to her sweetly.
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✨【そうに = Seem / Look like / Sound】✨
Use そうに to describe how something is done based on how it seems or looks!
📚 優しそうに犬を撫でた
(She pet the dog in a way that seemed kind)
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🎁【あげる = To give (away)】
Use あげる when you give something away from yourself
🔸 その傘をあげます = I’ll give you that umbrella
に marks the person receiving it
Don’t use あげる for people of higher status
👇 Try using あげる in a sentence!
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✨かもしれない = maybe / might
✨だろう = probably / I guess
💬 今日は雨が降るかもしれない。
💬 彼はもう寝てるだろう。
かもしれない = less certain
だろう = more confident guess
👇Try making your own sentence using one
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✨【つもり vs つもりだ】✨
Ever wonder what the difference is between つもり and つもりだ?
Both are about intention, but they’re used a little differently!
🔹 つもり = intention / plan / belief
🔹 つもりだ = “I intend to…” or “I plan to…”
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✨【〜たことがある】= Have done before ✨
Use this when talking about something you’ve experienced at least once!
💡 Structure:
❗ Verb[た]+ ことがある
❌ Can’t be swapped with の (set phrase!)
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✨【ないと vs なくちゃ・なきゃ】✨
All mean “I have to” in casual Japanese and are often interchangeable!
🔹 行かないと = I gotta go
🔹 勉強しなくちゃ = I need to study
🔹 食べなきゃ = Gotta eat
💬 Try making your own!
What’s something you have to do today?
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✨【や = Things like】✨
Use や to list examples in Japanese!
📚 パンやケーキを買った
= I bought things like bread and cake
✍️ や shows it’s not a full list, just examples.
Try writing your own や sentence! 👇
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✨【〜たほうがいい】= You should / It’d be better to
Use it to give advice using the past tense of a verb:
帰ったほうがいい = You should go home
食べたほうがいい = Better to eat
洗ったほうがいい = You should wash (it)
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💡 のが好き vs のが上手 💡
🎵 no ga suki = I like doing it
🌟 no ga jouzu = I’m good at it
In Japanese, people often say “I like ___” instead of “I’m good at ___” to sound more humble.
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✨ てください vs なさい ✨
てください = Polite request like “Please do this”
なさい = Stronger command often used by teachers or parents
Example
🚶 まってください = Please wait
🚶 まちなさい = Wait
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✨【ませんか — Won’t you Would you not Why don’t we】✨
Use ませんか after a verb to invite someone to do something politely in Japanese
Example
⚽ サッカーをしませんか
Sakkaa o shimasen ka = Won’t you play soccer
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🟣 あげる vs くれる — What’s the difference? 🎁
In Japanese, both mean “to give”, but it depends on who gives to who!
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✨【まず vs て初めて — What’s the Difference?】✨
👉 まず = First / To begin with
💡 まずレシピを読みます (First, I read the recipe)
👉 て初めて = Not until A, B happens
💡 大人になって初めて分かりました (I only understood after becoming an adult)
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✨【ましょう = Let’s / Shall we?】✨
ましょう is an easy way to suggest doing something together!
🍣 寿司を食べましょう (Sushi wo tabemashou) = Let’s eat sushi
What will you say ‘Let’s do’ in Japanese today?👇
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✨【ている vs つづける】✨ What’s the difference? 🤔
👉 ている = shows something is happening right now or ongoing
👉 つづける = strong emphasis on continuing
What sentence can you make with ている or つづける?👇
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✨【にする = To decide on / To choose】✨
にする lets you express your decisions, choices, or turning something into a certain state in Japanese! You have control over the outcome 💡
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