The History Files: Poland
New Banner Release
Poland: modern #Poland was formed out of various post-First World War conflicts, but the country goes back over 1500 years.
www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsEur...
#history #historyfiles #polans #WesternPolans #medievaleurope #earlyeurope #ancienteurope #archaeology #slavs
The History Files: Romans in Iberia
Romans in #Iberia: Rome's direct interest began after the second of the #PunicWars, with victory there giving it free reign to attack local groups.
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#history #historyfiles #rome #archaeology #earlyiberia #ancientiberia #ancienteurope #earlyeurope #ancientworld
The History Files: Iberian Indo-Europeans
Iberian IEs: a history of #Celts in #Iberia, and non-Celticised #IndoEuropeans back to the #BellBeaker, have only recently really been evaluated.
www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsEur...
#history #historyfiles #archaeology #rome #earlyeurope #earlyiberia #ancienteurope #ancientiberia #ancientworld
The History Files: Iberian Iron Age Index
Iberian #IronAge Index: at its start #Iberia was ruled by the #Castro culture in the N, the #Cogotas II in upper central areas, & the #Tartessian across the south.
www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsEur...
#history #historyfiles #archaeology #earlyiberia #earlyeurope #ancientworld #ancientiberia
The History Files: Iberian Late Bronze Age Map
Iberian Late Bronze Age #Map: the move from #Chalcolithic to full #BronzeAge in #Iberia was a slow process, with varying levels of advancement.
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#history #historyfiles #earlyiberia #earlyeurope #ancientworld #ancienteurope #ancientiberia #archaeology
The History Files: Iberian Bronze Age Index
Iberian #BronzeAge Index: BA arrival in #Iberia after 2800 BC was not universal, taking ages to gain traction from still-adopting #Chalcolithic areas.
www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsEur...
#history #historyfiles #earlyeurope #earlyiberia #ancientworld #ancientiberia #ancienteurope #archaeology
The History Files: Map of Iberian Middle Bronze Age
Map of Iberian Middle Bronze Age: this #map reveals the general locations of each of Iberia's middle #BronzeAge cultures, at a point about 1500 BC.
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#history #historyfiles #iberia #earlyiberia #earlyeurope #ancientworld #ancientiberia #archaeology
The History Files: Hallstatt Culture
#Hallstatt Culture: the first true #Celtic culture, directly continuing the #Urnfield - export into W, S, & #EasternEurope began Celtic expansion.
www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsEur...
#history #historyfiles #celts #IronAge #CentralEurope #earlyeurope #ancienteurope #ancientworld #archaeology
The History Files: Tartessian Culture
#Tartessian Culture: a 2014 excavation in part of #Spain which borders #Portugal provided a clearer picture of how this #BronzeAge civilisation may have ended.
www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsEur...
#history #historyfiles #iberia #earlyiberia #earlyeurope #ancientworld #ancienteurope #archaeology
The History Files: Castro Culture
Castro Culture: the #Castro name classifies this #IronAge culture, from #Latin, castro, or fort, hence the culture of the hill forts.
www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsEur...
#history #historyfiles #iberia #earlyiberia #earlyeurope #ancientworld #ancientiberia #ancienteurope #archaeology #hillfort
The History Files: Cogotas II Culture
#CogotasII Culture: this in #Iberia was the #IronAge #archaeology expression of the settlement of the #Vettones tribe, succeeding a #BronzeAge #CogotasI.
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#history #historyfiles #earlyiberia #earlyeurope #ancientworld #ancienteurope #ancientiberia
The History Files: Urnfield Culture
#Urnfield Culture: covering the earliest proto #Celtic group, in Central Europe, to the north of the Alps between Bohemia and the Rhine where it replaced the Tumulus culture.
www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsEur...
#history #historyfiles #earlyeurope #ancienteurope #BronzeAge #archaeology #Celts
The History Files: Atlantic Bronze Age
#AtlanticBronzeAge: this is marked by economic/cultural exchange which led to high cultural similarity in coastal communities from Portugal & Galicia to Scotland.
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#history #historyfiles #iberia #archaeology #BronzeAge #earlyiberia #earlyfrance #earlyeurope
The History Files: Post-Argar Period
#Post-Argar Period: this succeeded its namesake, the #Argaric culture, although to date not too much is known of this period in south-eastern #Iberia.
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#history #historyfiles #archaeology #earlyiberia #earlyeurope #ancientworld #ancientiberia #ancienteurope
The History Files: Western Andalusian Bronze
#WesternAndalusianBronze: a majority of #BronzeAge #archaeology in #Andalusia seems confined to the east, areas either bordering the #Argaric or close to the #LosMillares.
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#history #historyfiles #iberia #earlyibera #earlyeurope #ancienteurope #ancientiberia
The History Files: Western Bronze
#WesternBronze: well fitted to allowing its occupants to take advantage of local topography, commanding several river basins and good land.
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#history #historyfiles #iberia #archaeology #BronzeAge #earlyiberia #earlyeurope #ancientworld #ancientiberia
The History Files: Galician Bronze
#GalicianBronze: while there have been some problems collating #archaeology evidence here, there appears little doubt that the #BronzeAge saw social change.
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#history #historyfiles #iberia #earlyiberia #earlyeurope #ancientworld #ancienteurope #ancientiberia
The History Files: Asturian-Cantabrian Bronze
#Asturian-CantabrianBronze: in later #Astures #IronAge tribal territory there was a distinct absence of #BellBeaker pottery of central #Iberia.
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#history #historyfiles #asturia #BronzeAge #earlyiberia #earlyeurope #ancientiberia #ancienteurope #archaeology
The History Files: South-Western Iberian Bronze
The #South-WesternIberianBronze: is a loose umbrella for local #BronzeAge cultures in S #Portugal & SW #Spain, mainly Huelva, Seville, & Extremadura.
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#history #historyfiles #iberia #archaeology #earlyiberia #earlyeurope #ancienteurope #ancientiberia #SWIB
The History Files: Cogotas I Culture
#CogotasI Culture: this in west-central #Iberia focusses on the fortified #BronzeAge Las #Cogotas, which is located in the Cardenosa municipality in Avila province.
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#history #historyfiles #earlyiberia #earlyeurope #ancienteurope #ancientiberia #archaeology
The History Files: Celtiberian Wars Part 3
#Celtiberian Wars Part 3: when open war reignited in 143 BC, #Rome sent several generals to the Iberian peninsula to deal with the #Numantines.
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#history #historyfiles #iberia #celtiberianwars #earlyiberia #ancientiberia #earlyeurope #celts #wars #barbarians
The History Files: Montelavar Group
#Montelavar Group: this #Iberia group is now a problematic late 1900s concept, proposed by R J Harrison and generally devalued in favour of a broader, meaningful #NWIB.
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#history #historyfiles #archaeology #earlyeurope #earlyiberia #ancienteurope #BronzeAge
The History Files: North-Western Iberian Bronze
North-Western Iberian Bronze: a period in the later stages of another difficult climatic phase, towards the end of the 2000s BC when conditions were cooler.
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#history #historyfiles #NWIB #BronzeAge #iberia #earlyeurope #earlyiberia #ancienteurope #archaeology
The History Files: Motillas Culture
#Motillas Culture: this was mainly characterised by the construction of heavily fortified settlements which have given rise to local place names.
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#history #historyfiles #iberia #archaeology #earlyeurope #earlyiberia #ancienteurope #BronzeAge
The History Files: Levantine Bronze
#LevantineBronze: based on #ceramic styles this is dated as early as 2600 BC, succeeding late #Neolithic styles, and starting from the #Campaniform Chalcolithic.
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#history #historyfiles #iberia #earlyeurope #earlyiberia #ancienteurope #archaeology #BronzeAge
The History Files: Argaric Culture
#Argaric Culture: this powerful warrior-led culture emerged across a large part of SE Iberia in the #BronzeAge, having been born directly out of the vibrant #BellBeaker.
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#history #historyfiles #iberia #earlyiberia #earlyeurope #ancienteurope #archaeology
The History Files: Vila Nova Sao Pedro Culture
#VilaNovaSaoPedro Culture: for a long period this seems to have kept apart from #BronzeAge metallurgy, remaining #Chalcolithic far longer than its neighbours.
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#history #historyfiles #iberia #earlyeurope #earlyiberia #ancienteurope #iberia #archaeology
The History Files: Bell Beaker Culture
#BellBeaker Culture: this introduced a patriarchal society in which the individual #IndoEuropean warrior-chieftain became the most important and powerful figure.
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#history #historyfiles #iberia #earlyeurope #ancienteurope #earlyiberia #archaeology #BronzeAge
The History Files: Bell Beaker Horizon
Bell Beaker Horizon: #BellBeaker in #Neolithic #Europe, especially #SouthernEurope, is mainly defined by a widespread style of decorated drinking cup (beakers) - the source of the name.
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#history #historyfiles #iberia #earlyiberia #earlyeurope #archaeology
The History Files: Los Millares Civilisation
Los Millares Civilisation: like the #VilaNovadeSaoPedro on #Iberia's west coast the #LosMillares resisted being overly influenced by #BronzeAge cultures which sprang up around it.
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#history #historyfiles #earlyeurope #chalcolithic #earlyiberia #archaeology
