Astrophysical reaction rates for charged-particle induced reactions on proton-rich nuclides - The European Physical Journal A Astrophysical reaction rates for reactions with proton-rich isotopes of Ne to Bi from stability to the proton dripline were calculated with an updated version of the SMARAGD statistical model (Hauser-Feshbach) code. Here, the focus was on reactions with protons or $$\alpha $$ α particles as required for nucleosynthesis in proton-rich matter. For completeness, also neutron-induced reactions are provided for the same set of targets. Some comments on dependencies of rates on various nuclear properties and on the appropriate way to compare to experiments are given. The new rate set for charged-particle induced reactions provides a better description of experimental data than previously widely used rates, especially for reactions involving $$\alpha $$ α particles.

#paper #published
Astrophysical Reaction Rates for Charged-Particle Induced Reactions on Proton-Rich Nuclides

T. Rauscher

Europ. Phys. J. A 62 (2026) 35
https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-026-01809-4
https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2512.03206

Nuclear fission has been observed for the first time in a cosmic setting. Evidence from stellar observations links neutron star mergers to superheavy element formation that then breaks apart, seeding galaxies with lighter heavy elements.

#Nucleosynthesis #NeutronStarMerger #Cosmos

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New set of astrophysical reaction rates for #nucleosynthesis studies

#nucleosynthesis

Looking for a Single Stellar Ancestor: Mono-Enriched Stars in Zoom-In Simulations Astrobites reports on research that explores if we’ll be able to find a star that has formed from the gas enriche...

#Astrobites #Highlights #chemical #abundances #dwarf #galaxies […]

[Original post on aasnova.org]

Looking for a Single Stellar Ancestor: Mono-Enriched Stars in Zoom-In Simulations Astrobites reports on research that explores if we’ll be able to find a star that has formed from the gas enriche...

#Astrobites #Highlights #chemical #abundances #dwarf #galaxies […]

[Original post on aasnova.org]

Original post on astrobites.org

Looking for a single stellar ancestor: Mono-enriched stars in zoom-in simulations Today's bite explores if we'll be able to find a star that has formed from the gas enriched by only one ste...

#Daily #Paper #Summaries #simulations #stars #Stellar […]

[Original post on astrobites.org]

Dead Star Explodes Twice: The First-Ever Image Captures a Stellar “Double Detonation Supernova” Imagine a star so dramatic, it didn’t just go out with a bang—it went out with two. That’s ...

#Astrology #News #astrophysical #discovery #cosmic #distances […]

[Original post on nasaspacenews.com]

Nucleosynthesis also occurs in Supernovae explosions

As well as nuclear fusion, a process of creating new atomic nuclei from pre-existing nucleons, like protons & neutrons called #nucleosynthesis, occurs in a Supernova & is a main source of elements heavier than oxygen in an area of unstable nuclei

Creation from Collapse: Making Elements in a White Dwarf’s Final Moments Some neutron stars mig […]

[Original post on aasnova.org]

Creation from Collapse: Making Elements in a White Dwarf’s Final Moments Some neutron stars mig […]

[Original post on aasnova.org]

New framework suggests stars dissolve into neutrons to forge heavy elements Understanding the origin of heavy elements on the periodic table is one of the most challenging open problems in all of physics. In the search for conditions suitable for these elements via "nucleosynthesis," a Los Alamos National Laboratory-led team is going where no researchers have gone before: the gamma-ray burst jet and surrounding cocoon emerging from collapsed stars.

✨Where are heavy elements *born*? Scientists are probing the fiery jets of collapsed stars—gamma-ray bursts—to unlock the universe’s secrets! 💥 #Nucleosynthesis

Source: phys.org/news/2025-04-framework-s...

**High-energy photons produced deep in gamma-ray burst jets emerging from a collapsed star could dissolve the outer stellar layers into free neutrons, causing a series of physical processes that results in the formation of heavy elements, according to apaper published in the _Astrophysical Journal_.** A high-energy photonic jet (white and blue) blasts through a collapsar with a black hole at its center; the red space around the jet represents the cocoon where free neutrons may be captured causing the r-process, the nucleosynthesis that results in the formation of heavy elements. Image credit: Los Alamos National Laboratory. The formation of the heaviest elements relies on astrophysical environments with a copious amount of neutrons. Neutrons can be found in the cosmos bound in atomic nuclei or in medium under extreme pressure. Free neutrons are rare, owing to a half-life of less than 15 minutes. “The creation of heavy elements such as uranium and plutonium necessitates extreme conditions,” said Dr. Matthew Mumpower, a physicist at Los Alamos National Laboratory. “There are only a few viable yet rare scenarios in the cosmos where these elements can form, and all such locations need a copious amount of neutrons. We propose a new phenomenon where those neutrons don’t pre-exist but are produced dynamically in the star.” The key to producing the heaviest elements on the periodic table is known as the rapid neutron-capture process, or r-process, and it is thought to be responsible for production of all naturally occurring thorium, uranium and plutonium in the Universe. The team’s framework takes on the challenging physics of the r-process and resolves them by proposing reactions and processes around star collapses that could result in heavy element formation. In addition to understanding the formation of heavy elements, the proposed framework helps address critical questions around neutron transport, multiphysics simulations, and the observation of rare events — all of which are of interest for national security applications that can glean insights from the research. In the scenario the researchers propose, a massive star begins to die as its nuclear fuel runs out. No longer able to push up against its own gravity, a black hole forms at the star’s center. If the black hole is spinning fast enough, frame-dragging effects from the extremely strong gravity near the black hole wind up the magnetic field and launch a powerful jet. Through subsequent reactions, a broad spectrum of photons is created, some of which are at high energy. “The jet blasts through the star ahead of it, creating a hot cocoon of material around the jet, like a freight train plowing through snow,” Dr. Mumpower said. At the interface of the jet with the stellar material, high-energy photons (that is, light) can interact with atomic nuclei, transmuting protons to neutrons. Existing atomic nuclei may also be dissolved into individual nucleons, creating more free neutrons to power the r-process. The team’s calculations suggest the interaction with light and matter can create neutrons incredibly fast, on the order of a nanosecond. Because of their charge, protons get trapped in the jet by the strong magnetic fields. Neutrons, which are chargeless, are plowed out of the jet into the cocoon. Having experienced a relativistic shock, the neutrons are extremely dense compared with the surrounding stellar material, and thus the r-process may ensue, with heavy elements and isotopes forged and then expelled out into space as the star is ripped apart. The process of protons converting into neutrons, along with free neutrons escaping into the surrounding cocoon to form heavy elements, involves a broad range of physics principles and encompasses all four fundamental forces of nature: a true multiphysics problem, combining areas of atomic and nuclear physics with hydrodynamics and general relativity. Despite the team’s efforts, more challenges remain as the heavy isotopes created during the r-process have never been made on Earth. Researchers know little about their properties including their atomic weight, half-life and so on. The high-energy jet framework proposed by the team may help explain the origination of kilonova — a glow of optical and infrared electromagnetic radiation — associated with long-duration gamma-ray bursts. “Star dissolution via high-energy photon jet offers an alternative origin for the production of heavy elements and the kilonova they may manufacture, a possibility not previously thought to be associated with collapsing stars,” the scientists said. _____ Matthew R. Mumpower _et al_. 2025. Let There Be Neutrons! Hadronic Photoproduction from a Large Flux of High-energy Photons. _ApJ_ 982, 81; doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/adb1e3

Stars Dissolve into Neutrons to Form Heavy Elements, Study Suggests High-energy photons produced ...

www.sci.news/astronomy/hadronic-photo...

#Astronomy #Physics #Collapsar #Cosmic #jet #Gamma-Ray #Burst #Hadron #Jet #Neutron #Nucleosynthesis

Result Details

**High-energy photons produced deep in gamma-ray burst jets emerging from a collapsed star could dissolve the outer stellar layers into free neutrons, causing a series of physical processes that results in the formation of heavy elements, according to apaper published in the _Astrophysical Journal_.** A high-energy photonic jet (white and blue) blasts through a collapsar with a black hole at its center; the red space around the jet represents the cocoon where free neutrons may be captured causing the r-process, the nucleosynthesis that results in the formation of heavy elements. Image credit: Los Alamos National Laboratory. The formation of the heaviest elements relies on astrophysical environments with a copious amount of neutrons. Neutrons can be found in the cosmos bound in atomic nuclei or in medium under extreme pressure. Free neutrons are rare, owing to a half-life of less than 15 minutes. “The creation of heavy elements such as uranium and plutonium necessitates extreme conditions,” said Dr. Matthew Mumpower, a physicist at Los Alamos National Laboratory. “There are only a few viable yet rare scenarios in the cosmos where these elements can form, and all such locations need a copious amount of neutrons. We propose a new phenomenon where those neutrons don’t pre-exist but are produced dynamically in the star.” The key to producing the heaviest elements on the periodic table is known as the rapid neutron-capture process, or r-process, and it is thought to be responsible for production of all naturally occurring thorium, uranium and plutonium in the Universe. The team’s framework takes on the challenging physics of the r-process and resolves them by proposing reactions and processes around star collapses that could result in heavy element formation. In addition to understanding the formation of heavy elements, the proposed framework helps address critical questions around neutron transport, multiphysics simulations, and the observation of rare events — all of which are of interest for national security applications that can glean insights from the research. In the scenario the researchers propose, a massive star begins to die as its nuclear fuel runs out. No longer able to push up against its own gravity, a black hole forms at the star’s center. If the black hole is spinning fast enough, frame-dragging effects from the extremely strong gravity near the black hole wind up the magnetic field and launch a powerful jet. Through subsequent reactions, a broad spectrum of photons is created, some of which are at high energy. “The jet blasts through the star ahead of it, creating a hot cocoon of material around the jet, like a freight train plowing through snow,” Dr. Mumpower said. At the interface of the jet with the stellar material, high-energy photons (that is, light) can interact with atomic nuclei, transmuting protons to neutrons. Existing atomic nuclei may also be dissolved into individual nucleons, creating more free neutrons to power the r-process. The team’s calculations suggest the interaction with light and matter can create neutrons incredibly fast, on the order of a nanosecond. Because of their charge, protons get trapped in the jet by the strong magnetic fields. Neutrons, which are chargeless, are plowed out of the jet into the cocoon. Having experienced a relativistic shock, the neutrons are extremely dense compared with the surrounding stellar material, and thus the r-process may ensue, with heavy elements and isotopes forged and then expelled out into space as the star is ripped apart. The process of protons converting into neutrons, along with free neutrons escaping into the surrounding cocoon to form heavy elements, involves a broad range of physics principles and encompasses all four fundamental forces of nature: a true multiphysics problem, combining areas of atomic and nuclear physics with hydrodynamics and general relativity. Despite the team’s efforts, more challenges remain as the heavy isotopes created during the r-process have never been made on Earth. Researchers know little about their properties including their atomic weight, half-life and so on. The high-energy jet framework proposed by the team may help explain the origination of kilonova — a glow of optical and infrared electromagnetic radiation — associated with long-duration gamma-ray bursts. “Star dissolution via high-energy photon jet offers an alternative origin for the production of heavy elements and the kilonova they may manufacture, a possibility not previously thought to be associated with collapsing stars,” the scientists said. _____ Matthew R. Mumpower _et al_. 2025. Let There Be Neutrons! Hadronic Photoproduction from a Large Flux of High-energy Photons. _ApJ_ 982, 81; doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/adb1e3

Stars Dissolve into Neutrons to Form Heavy Elements, Study Suggests High-energy photons produced ...

www.sci.news/astronomy/hadronic-photo...

#Astronomy #Physics #Collapsar #Cosmic #jet #Gamma-Ray #Burst #Hadron #Jet #Neutron #Nucleosynthesis

Result Details

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The impact of mass uncertainties on r-process nucleosynthesis in neutron star mergers | Astronomy & Astrophysics (A&A) Astronomy & Astrophysics (A&A) is an international journal which publishes papers on all aspects of astronomy and astrophysics

https://www.aanda.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202451991

#nuclear #reactions #nucleosynthesis #abundances #stars: #neutron

Event Attributes

Corey S Powell (@coreyspowell@mastodon.social) Attached: 1 image You've probably heard that "we are stardust," but this graphic breaks it down further & tells you what kind of stars your dust came from--and which elements didn't come from stars at all. https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13873/ #science #nature #space

#nucleosynthesis
From: @coreyspowell
mastodon.social/@coreyspowell/1139076254...

#KnowledgeByte: #Gold is believed to have originated in space through #Supernova #Nucleosynthesis, which occurs when a star implodes.

The violent explosion of a supernova forms gold and other heavy elements, which are then flung out across space.

knowledgezone.co.in/posts/Origin...

The majority of hydrogen in the universe was created in the first few minutes after the Big Bang during a period known as "Big Bang nucleosynthesis."

#science #sciencefacs #bigbang #nucleosynthesis #bigbangnucleosynthesis #happynewyear #happynewyear2024

Big Bang #nucleosynthesis...