Many growth factors affecting bone formation and resorption are released from the extracellular matrix and cells (such as osteoblasts) in such bone fragments, including transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-β ligand (RANKL), and osteoprotegerin (OPG). Here, scanning electron microscopy shows autogenous bone fragments surrounded by new bone, one week after a surgical procedure involving placement of titanium implants in rat tibia. Read more: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00223-017-0283-2

🧪🔬🦴Small fragments of #bone generated during #surgery can have a strong osteoconductive effect. Bone #drilling can produce fragments of various sizes that provide a suitable substrate and present a large surface area for new bone formation. The presence of #osteocytes confirms such #osteoconduction.