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Essays on America: Wednesday How you see where you are depends on how you got there. It’s Wednesday. And that means, at least for most of us, that yesterday was Tuesday. Mundane, right? Obvious, right?  But suppose that it’s W…

petersironwood.com/2019/07/18/e...
#thinking #sense_making

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Tools of Thought: Symmetry Symmetry (Original, free-hand drawing by Zoe Colier). There are many varieties of symmetry. Symmetry exists rampantly in nature and symmetry is also incorporated into many human designs. In this sh…

petersironwood.com/2026/01/07/t...
#thinking #thought #problem_solving #AI #ChatGPT #sense_making #pattern

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Representation Representation  “Choose your words carefully.” We have all heard that advice. It’s good advice and choosing a good representation is key to solving problems, but the general point extend…

#thinking #AI #ChatGPT #representation #problem_solving
petersironwood.com/2025/12/22/r...
Consciously and wisely choosing one or more representations of your problem will go a long way toward solving it.
#AI #thinking #thought #problem_solving #sense_making #leadership #management #UX #HCI

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Representation Representation  “Choose your words carefully.” We have all heard that advice. It’s good advice and choosing a good representation is key to solving problems, but the general point extend…

petersironwood.com/2025/12/22/r...
Consciously and wisely choosing one or more representations of your problem will go a long way toward solving it.
#AI #thinking #thought #problem_solving #sense_making #leadership #management

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Regression to the Mean Regression to the Mean While working full-time at IBM Research, I was also a Fellow at the Institute for Rational-Emotive Therapy in Manhattan. I wrote an article in 1978 for their Journal, Rationa…

petersironwood.com/2025/12/21/r...
Another "Tool of Thought" is to understand how biased sampling can creep into an observation or a study and lead you to erroneous conclusions.
#thinking #AI #ChatGPT #problem_solving #sense_making #management #leadership #UX #HCI #democracy #USA #America

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Tools of Thought: Theory of Mind Theory of Mind.  “Theory of Mind” refers to the ability of most humans to imagine, at least to a degree, what another person is likely to do based on their knowledge of what the other person knows.…

#thinking #decision_making #problem_solving #sense_making #AI #ChatGPT #management #leadership #empathy
petersironwood.com/2025/12/19/t...

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Meta-Cognition Meta-Cognition “Cognition” refers to thinking activities such as problem solving, learning, decision making, and imagining. “Meta-Cognition” refers to thinking about thinking. The science of psycho…

petersironwood.com/2025/12/18/m...
#thinking #problem_solving #sense_making #leadership #management #psychology

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Systems Thinking: Positive Feedback Loops Systems Thinking: Positive Feedback Loops One of the most important tools of thought that anyone can learn: “Systems Thinking.” I touched on this in yesterday’s post “And Then What.” I pointed out …

A short essay on one of the tools of thinking: perceiving and understanding positive feedback loops.
#thinking #AI #sense_making #problem_solving #ChatGPT #leadership #management #politics #USA #America
petersironwood.com/2025/12/17/s...

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Reframing the Problem: Paperwork & Working Paper Photo by Pixabay on Pexels.com Reframing the Problem: Paperwork & Working Paper This is the second in a series about the importance of correctly framing a problem. Generally, at least in formal…

petersironwood.com/2025/12/04/r...
A recounting of an example of having a problem handed to me and then my reframing it for a better result. Can AI reframe problems? Should it?
#AI #thinking #sense_making #problem_solving #UX #HCI #creativity

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The Doorbell’s Ringing! Can you get it? Photo by Little Visuals on Pexels.com After a long day’s work, I arrived home to a distraught wife. Not, “Hi, sweetheart” but “This doorbell is driving me crazy!”  Me: “What doorbell? What are…

Formal education teaches us how to solve problems. IRL, problem solving is important. Equally important: problem *formulation* #AI #thinking #problem_solving #problem_formulation #sense_making #ChatGPT #UX #HCI #creativity #story
petersironwood.com/2025/12/02/t...

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Measure for Measure (More or Less is only More or Less, More or Less) Confusing. I know. Let’s unpack.  We like to measure things. And, generally, that can be a very good thing. Once we measure and quantify, we c…

petersironwood.com/2021/01/28/m...
An essay about various uses and pitfalls about approaches to measurement.
#AI #thinking #problem_solving #sense_making #HCI #UX

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How to Frame Your Own Hamster Wheel Graduate school at the University of Michigan (in Ann Arbor, Michigan) provided me with a rich, rewarding experience. I was in a program aimed at understanding more about how human beings perceive,…

petersironwood.com/2021/01/22/h...
#story #problem_solving #framing #formulation #sense_making #HCI #UX #psychology #attribution #ethics
Sometimes you find themselves in situations that is inherently stressful. Often, however, stress comes from how you see the problem; not from the problem itself.

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Navigating in the Fog When you find yourself in fog, you need to stop and think. Normally, you can see what’s out there more easily and people will have a hard time seeing you. But that assumes you even realize yo…

petersironwood.com/2024/10/11/n...
#thinking #sense_making #navigation #politics

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Wordless Perfection ———————————— Sirius Black I like to write. In fact, I like to write so much that I wrote before I could even read. When my early crayon “writings” in my grandfather’s books were discovered, instead…

Language is a wonderful invention & allows humans to communicate over time and space, but it's a double-edged sword. Sometimes words get in the way. #thinking #problem_solving #sense_making #UX #HCI #psychology #AI #ChatGPT petersironwood.com/2021/01/20/w...

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Problem Formulation: Who Knows What? Photo by Nikolay Ivanov on Pexels.com This post focuses on the importance of discovering who knows what. It’s easy to assume (without thinking!) that everyone knows what you know.  At IBM Research,…

petersironwood.com/2025/11/28/p...
Based on studies at IBM Research, some examples of the importance of problem formulation. In particular, it is easy to erroneously assume that everyone "knows" the same thing.
#problem_solving #sense_making #thinking #UX #HCI #AI #software #development

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The Slow-Seeming Snapping Turtle Photo by Radovan Zierik on Pexels.com The Slow-Seeming Snapping Turtle (Don’t Judge a Book by its Cover Story) One fine summer day, driving down the long curved driveway of IBM Research in Yorktown…

petersironwood.com/2021/02/01/t...
#thinking #problem_solving #sense_making

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Wordless Perfection ———————————— Sirius Black I like to write. In fact, I like to write so much that I wrote before I could even read. When my early crayon “writings” in my grandfather’s books were discovered, instead…

#thinking #sense_making #creativity #problem_solving #UX #HCI
Sometimes, non-symbolic "thinking" works even better than symbolic thinking. Sometimes, it doesn't, of course. But don't be fooled into thinking that symbolic thinking is the only thinking that works.

petersironwood.com/2021/01/20/w...

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I Went in Seeking Clarity “I stopped by the bar at 3 A.M.To seek solace in a bottle or possibly a friendAnd I woke up with a headache like my head against a boardTwice as cloudy as I’d been the night beforeAnd I…

#HCI #UX #sense_making #problem_formulation #thinking #creativity
petersironwood.com/2021/01/16/i...

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Problem Framing: Good Point! Photo by Pixabay on Pexels.com You have probably heard variations on this old saw, “To a hammer, everything looks like a nail.” I’ve also heard, “If you have a hammer, everything looks like a nail.…

petersironwood.com/2021/01/14/p...
#thinking #creativity #problem_solving #sense_making

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Measure for Measure (More or Less is only More or Less, More or Less) Confusing. I know. Let’s unpack.  We like to measure things. And, generally, that can be a very good thing. Once we measure and quantify, we c…

petersironwood.com/2021/01/28/m...
#thinking #sense_making #problem_solving #decision_making #managing #leadership #HCI #UX

There's no doubt that measuring things quantitatively can have huge benefits in many fields from all sorts of basic science to engineering to managing businesses. However...

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Small Things Those of you who might not have read every one of my hundreds of blog posts might have missed the story about my bout with “plantar fasciitis.” I had a persistent pain under my right heel. It was p…

It's easy to fall into only noticing what is loud, big, astounding, unusual, moving, dramatic.Seeing chaos all the time can numb us to the beauty and utility of small things.

#psychology #gratitude #mindfulness #sports #problem_finding #sense_making #UX #HCI
petersironwood.com/2024/12/30/s...

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Query By Example Photo by RF._.studio on Pexels.com This is part of a series on experiences in my career in Human Computer Interaction and some lessons learned. I joined IBM Research on the winter solstice of 1973.…

#HCI #UX #usability #problem_solving #sense_making #case_study
Here's a case study and lessons learned from an early usability study.
petersironwood.com/2021/06/15/q...

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Problem Formulation: Who Knows What? Photo by Nikolay Ivanov on Pexels.com This post focuses on the importance of discovering who knows what. It’s easy to think (without thinking!) that everyone knows what you know.  At IBM Resea…

#thinking #problem_solving #sense_making #creativity #development #UX
petersironwood.com/2021/01/18/p...

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I Went in Seeking Clarity “I stopped by the bar at 3 A.M.To seek solace in a bottle or possibly a friendAnd I woke up with a headache like my head against a boardTwice as cloudy as I’d been the night beforeAnd I…

#thinking #problem_solving #sense_making #creativity
petersironwood.com/2021/01/16/i...

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Non-Linearity Non-linearity A Chessboard Full of Rice According to myth, the Emperor’s wise adviser once did him a great favor. So grateful was the Emperor that he begged his wise advisor to take any gift she mi…

Tools of thought: Non-linearity. We often tend to assume systems are fairly linear. Some are radically *non*-linear. #thinking #sense_making #problem_solving #USA #society
petersironwood.com/2018/12/20/n...

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Negative Space Negative Space When you look at a scene, it is natural to concentrate on the objects in the scene. So too, when one begins to design, it is natural to concentrate your attention on the things you p…

Tools of Thought: Negative Space
#thinking #problem_solving #decision_making #sense_making

petersironwood.com/2018/12/17/n...

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Metaphors We Live By and Die By Metaphors We Live By and Die By I love metaphors.I always have. I admit it. I think every youngster does, at least until they are exposed to poetry in English class. I was lucky to have an awesome …

Tools of Thought: Metaphors. It's easy to adopt the metaphors of our own culture & sometimes they work. But sometimes, metaphors you adopt unthinkingly work against you.
#thought #thinking #problem_solving #sense_making #decision_making petersironwood.com/2018/12/12/m...

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Representation Representation  “Choose your words carefully.” We have all heard that advice. It’s good advice and choosing a good representation is key to solving problems, but the general point extends beyond c…

Consciously consider the representations you're using. What are the pros & cons? Pitfalls? What does your representation highlight and what does it hide? What other representations might you use?
#thought #thinking #problem_solving #sense_making #decisions
petersironwood.com/2018/12/11/r...

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Meta-Cognition Meta-Cognition “Cognition” refers to thinking activities such as problem solving, learning, decision making, and imagining. “Meta-Cognition” refers to thinking about thinking. The science of psycho…

A general purpose thinking tool is "Meta-Cognition" -- knowing how your mind operates and using that knowledge to improve your thinking, learning, and decision making. #thinking #problem_solving #sense_making #decision_making #UX #usability #HCI
petersironwood.com/2018/12/08/m...

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Many Paths Many Paths {Translator’s Note}: Exciting news: more (mythological) archaeological evidence is being unearthed as I write this about the mythical Veritas tribes. My next series of translations will …

The first of a series of posts about specific tools of thought.
#thinking #problem_solving #creativity #sense_making
#HCI #UX
petersironwood.com/2018/12/05/m...

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