To address the challenges of prolonged scan times and reliance on patient breath-holding, a range of free-breathing CMR techniques have emerged over the past decade. These include respiratory navigator gating, self-gating, motion correction, compressed sensing, and AI-assisted sequence optimization. While impactful, most of these approaches were limited to specific sequences and did not systematically transform the overall CMR workflow.
In this work, the authors introduce a fully integrated free-breathing CMR protocol that enables intelligent, rapid examinations without the need for breath-holding. Compressed Sensing (CS) and motion correction (MOCO) are core techniques implemented in the full free-breathing CMR protocol.
Conceptually, CS leverages the inherent sparsity of CMR data to enable accurate image reconstruction from undersampled k-space, thereby substantially reducing acquisition time without compromising diagnostic fidelity.
Motion correction utilizes advanced retrospective algorithms to compensate for respiratory and cardiac motion, effectively reducing motion-related artifacts and maintaining image quality.
The core innovation lies in the deep integration of these two methodologies across several critical CMR sequences, leading to a qualitative leap in acquisition efficiency and diagnostic robustness. Full free-breathing CMR examinations are performed on a 3T MAGNETOM Vida using an 18-channel body coil.
Free-breathing CMR is not only a technological innovation, but also a milestone in making advanced cardiovascular imaging more equitable and patient-centered. By eliminating reliance on breath-holding, this approach delivers faster, smarter, and more widely accessible diagnostic services.
Shoutout to the coauthors: Wenli Zhou, Kai Yang, Gang Yin, Jing An, Xinling Yang, Xiaoming Bi, Jianing Pang, Kelvin Chow
A New Era in Cardiovascular #MRI: The Advent of Full Free-Breathing Mode by Minjie Lu, MD, PhD; et al. (Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China).
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