MCO Paris Saint Germain, S.C Braga

Few players have moved between #Ligue1 #ParisSaintGermain & #SCBraga - recent Braga purchase

#GabrielMoscardo Loan Transfer
#IsmaëlGharbi Free Transfer
#CherNdour Loan Transfer

If both teams qualified for European competitions it would breach #UEFA #ConflictOfInterest

#MultiClubOwnership

Matthew Benham has owned #PremierLeague #FootballClub #BrentfordFC and has recently acquired #MeridaAD since 2007 a Spanish third-division club in April 2025. His holding company, #BestIntentionsAnalytics now holds both clubs as part of a #MultiClubOwnership system. He previously owned a majority stake in the Danish club #FCMidtjylland which he sold in 2023.

Matthew Benham has owned #PremierLeague #FootballClub #BrentfordFC and has recently acquired #MeridaAD since 2007 a Spanish third-division club in April 2025. His holding company, #BestIntentionsAnalytics now holds both clubs as part of a #MultiClubOwnership system.

#DmitryRybolovlev has been the majority shareholder of #ASMonaco FC since 2011 and acquired #CercleBrugge K.S.V. in 2017. Players move very frequently between the two clubs due to a formal “synergy” a strategic partnership between the two clubs.

#FootballClub
#MultiClubOwnership
#ConflictOfInterest

2018, #49ers bought shares in English #footballclub #Leeds United the club is now fully owned by the 49ers & plays in the #PremierLeague. In 2025, a consortium headed by US businessman #AndrewCavenagh & 49ers Enterprises purchased 51% majority in #Rangers
#MultiClubOwnership
#ConflictOfInterest

#StanKroenke owner of the holding company of #Arsenal of the #PremierLeague and Colorado Rapids of the #MLS

Few players have moved between the two clubs - exception #AustonTrusty in 2022 the Rapids immediately re-acquire him on a loan - he never played for Arsenal FC and has since been sold

#DmitryRybolovlev, the majority shareholder #asMonacoFC since 2011 and #CercleBrugge K.S.V. in 2017. Players move very frequently between both

Returned (back) to Monaco
#AdamaTraoré
#PaulNardi
#EldersonEchiéjilé
#JeanMarcelin

#MultiClubOwnership
#ConflictOfInterest

#BolognaFC and #CFMontréal are owned by #JoeySaputo
12 significant players have moved between the clubs
Additionally, other Montreal players such as#DjordjeMihailovic, #IsmaelKone, and #RidaZouhir have had training stints with Bologna to experience Europe.
#MultiClubOwnership
#ConflictOfInterest

#BlueCo 2022 #ChelseaFC In 2023, #Ligue1 club #RCStrasbourg, #MultiClubOwnership
#BenChilwell
#AndreySantos, #MamadouSarr, #KendryPaez, #MikePenders #IshéSamuels-Smith #DiegoMoreira, #MathisAmougou
#CalebWiley (#Watford)
#DjordjePetrovic, #AngeloGabriel
#MamadouSarr

#Filmauro, owned by #AurelioDeLaurentiis, acquired #NapoliFC in 2004.They acquired the rights to form a new #BariFC #footballclub in 2018.

If Bari were promoted to #SerieA they would have to sell one of the teams as it would breach #UEFA #ConflictOfInterest rules
#MultiClubOwnership

The #FriedkinGroup bought #ASRoma 2020 and they completed their takeover of #EvertonFC in 2024. The deal was finalized after the group acquired a majority 94.1% stake

If both teams qualified for the #UEFA European competitions it would breach their #ConflictOfInterest
#MultiClubOwnership

MCO multiclub ownership blurred Nassef Sawiris

MCO multiclub ownership Nassef Sawiris

MCO multiclub ownership Aston Villa FC

#VSports co-owned by #WesEdens & #NassefSawiris #Atairos min. stake. They have to reduce their stake in #VitoriaGuimares to overt #UEFA #ConflictOfInterest through their ownership #PremierLeague #footballclub #AstonVilla
Biggest single player spend: £5m #AmadouOnana
#ZedFC
#VisselKobe
#RealUnión

MCO multiclub ownership blurred John Textor

MCO multiclub ownership John Textor

MCO multiclub ownership Olympique Lyonnais

#EagleFootballHoldings owned by #JohnTextor previous min. stake #PremierLeague #FootballClub #CrystalPalaceFC sold shares 2025. The #MultiClubOwnership sale to comply with #UEFA regulations prohibiting #ConflictOfInterest clubs #Ligue1 #OlympiqueLyonnaise
£50m #LucasPaquetá
#Botofogo
#rwdm_official

MCO multiclub ownership blurred Bill Foley

MCO multiclub ownership Bill Foley

MCO multiclub ownership Black Knight

#BlackKnightFC bought #premierleague #footballclub #afcBournemouth #multiclubownership. Minority % #CannaeHoldings & #MichaelBJordan

Reduction to 29.99% of #HibernianFC for participation in #uefaChampionsLeague #ConflictOfInterest

Biggest spend: £34m #Evanilson

#BillFoley
#fcLorient
#AucklandFC

MCO multiclub ownership blurred JESÚSMARTÍNEZPATIÑO

MCO multiclub ownership JESÚSMARTÍNEZPATIÑO

MCO multiclub ownership Pachua FC

#cfPachuca was bought when in the 2nd division. Now one of Mexico’s most successful #LigaMX teams

#Pachucagroup #MultiClubOwnership caused a #ConflictOfInterest leading to #ClubLeón exclusion from the 2025 #FIFAClubWorldCup

Biggest player spend £10m #VíctorDávila

#JESÚSMARTÍNEZPATIÑO
#Realoviedo

MCO multiclub ownership blurred Evangelos Marinakis

MCO multiclub ownership Evangelos Marinakis

MCO multiclub ownership Nottingham Forest

#EvangelosMarinakis #MultiClubOwnership in #ClubFootball teams relinquished his control of #NottinghamForestFC to a blind trust in April 2025 avoiding #ConflictOfInterest with #OlympiacosFC potential #uefaChampionsLeague participation

Biggest spend: £25m #MorganGibbsWhite

#RioAveFC
#VascoDaGama

MCO multiclub ownership blurred Anthony Bloom

MCO multiclub ownership Anthony Bloom

MCO multiclub ownership Brighton and Hove Albion

#AnthonyBloom majority owner #FootballClub #BrightonandHoveAlbionFC reduced his stake in #JupilerProLeague #UnionSaintGilloise when both clubs qualified for #uefaChampionsLeague

Biggest player spend: £40m #GeorginioRutter
#HeartofMidlothian
#MelbourneVictory
#MultiClubOwnership
#ConflictOfInterest

MCO Multiclub model blurred Chien Lee

MCO Multiclub model Chien Lee

MCO Multiclub model pacific media group

#ChienLee & #PacificMediaGroup investments #ClubFootball have #ConflictOfInterest at #EFLchampionship club #BarnsleyFC Lee & former director #PaulConway were fined for nondisclosure of their #MultiClubOwnership plans

#fcDenBosch
#kvOostende
#gkStychy
#1FCK
#asNancyLorraine
#esBjergFB
#fcThun

MCO multiclub ownership blurred David Blitzer

MCO multiclub ownership David Blitzer

MCO multiclub ownership Crystal Palace FC

#CrystalPalaceFC biggest shareholder bought #JohnTextor share after demotion from #uefaEuropaLeague to #uefaConferenceLeague. Shareholders inc. #DavidBlitzer who has #MultiClubOwnership

Biggest spend: £30m #YéremyPino
#RealSaltLake
#fcAusberg
#BrøndbyIF
#gdEstorilPraia
#adoDenHaag
#skBeveren

MCO Multiclub ownership blurred Kennith King

MCO Multiclub ownership Kennith King

MCO Multiclub ownership A-Cap

#777Partners business collapsed under allegations of fraud, leading to the auctioning of their shares in #ClubFootball - placed under the control of insurers A-CAP
Biggest single player spend: £50m #TanguyNdombele
#KennithKing
#GenoaCFC
#SevillaFC
#HerthaBSC
#MultiClubOwnership
#ConflictOfInterest

MCO multiclub ownership blurred Ferran Soriano

MCO multiclub ownership Ferran Soriano

MCO multiclub ownership Manchester City

#ManchesterCity & #SerieA team #GironaFC #ConflictOfInterest qualifying for the #uefaChampionsLeague
#AbuDhabi United Group
#NewYorkCityFC
#MelbourneCityFC
#YokohamaFmarinos
#mvdCityTorque
#ShenzhenpengCityFC
#LommelSK
#EstacTroyes
#PalermoCalcio
#EsporteClubeBahia
Biggest spend £100m #JackGrealish

INEOS purchased a stake in #PremierLeague #FootballClub Manchester United.
Aims to sell majority stake in Nice, to resolve #conflictofinterest and comply with #UEFA
Biggest single player spend: £64m #RasmusHøjlund

#JimRatcliffe
#INEOS
#ManchesterUnited
#ogcNice
#fcLausanne
#MultiClubOwnership

MCO multiclub football model blurred PIF Yasir Al Rumayyan

MCO multiclub football model PIF Yasir Al Rumayyan

MCO multiclub football model PIF Saudi Arabia

The #pif of #SaudiArabia is the largest in the world - estimated assets of $941 billion. The fund is controlled by #CrownPrinceMohammedBinsalman

Biggest spend: £69m #NickWoltemade

#YasirAlRumayyan
#NewcastleUnited
#AlHilal
#AlAhli
#AlIttihad
#AlNassr
#MultiClubOwnership
#ConflictOfInterest

MCO multiclub model Qatar blurred MOHAMMED ALEMADI

MCO multiclub model Qatar MOHAMMED ALEMADI

MCO multiclub model Qatar

Backed by the #Qatari government, #QSI acquired a majority stake in Paris Saint Germain in 2011 becoming sole owner in 2012. #Ligue1 club PSG are therefore a state-owned club

Biggest spend: £222m #Neymar

#MohammedAlemadi
#ParissaintGermainFC
#BragaFC
#MultiClubOwnership
#ConflictOfInterest

MCO Multiclub football ownership cards

The #multiclubownership model in #clubfootball is influential at the top level. There are multiple instances that challenges the integrity of international competitions, specifically those run by #UEFA

With exponential spending growth, state sponsorship also becomes more common
#conflictofinterest

The #Babylonian Map of the World - also Imago Mundi or #Mappa #mundi - It is the oldest known world map, providing invaluable insights into ancient #Mesopotamian #geography, #cosmology, and worldview by showing their centered view of Babylon within a mythical #ocean and surrounding unknown lands

This is considered the oldest surviving map of #topographical interest from the #ancient #world. The map has also been considered as the earliest known example of #folding used in map making. This is an “accurate” topographical and geological map created by the Scribe-of-the-Tomb Amennakhte

Pei Xiu (Jiyan) yu gong regional maps

Pei Xiu (Jiyan) place of operation

Pei Xiu (style name #Jiyan) #Chinese politician & #geographer known as the “father of Chinese cartography”

The “Yu Gong Regional #Maps,” are the 1st Chinese maps to have plotted geometrical grid reference, graduated scale, & six principles of #cartography to improve accuracy & distance estimation

Mǎwángduī is an #archaeological site containing #tombs from #Changsha Kingdom during the western #Han dynasty. The tombs contains multiple classical texts including the #map depicting the #Kingdom of #Changsha & the Kingdom of #Nanyue in southern #China. The map was folded 5x creating 4 × 8 sections

This #paper #map depicts #topographic features such as mountains, waterways and roads. Paper was invented in China during this period and this is the oldest known remaining map. The map was buried in a tomb but only a single fragment 56 × 26 mm survives today

Ptolemy world map

Ptolemy conic projection

Ptolemy Almagest geocentric model

Ptolemy place of birth growing up

#Ptolemy’s map the first use of #longitudinal & #latitudinal lines & specific #terrestrial locations by #celestial observation.

He stablished a #global #coordinate #system by giving coordinates for projecting the #Earth’s #spherical surface onto a #flat #map, a system still used today