Fig. 1.ABI5 coordinates growth–defense trade-offs by integrating signals from the TOR Complex 1 and ABA. A ‘tug-of-war’ between growth and defense signaling pathways converge at the ABA-sensitive transcription factor ABI5. Under stress, ABA binds to its receptor PYL, which then binds to and inhibits PP2C. This inhibition allows levels of phosphorylated SnRK2 to build up and activate ABA-sensitive transcription factors such as ABI5 (Cutler et al., 2010). Under growth-promoting conditions, TOR phosphorylates PYL, preventing it from de-repressing SnRK2. Both sides of the antagonism can function simultaneously, and they continually feedback to regulate the activity of the other. The canonical TOR effector TAP46 also protects ABI5 from dephosphorylation via PP2A, thereby stabilizing the ABA response. This mutual regulation between growth and defense ensures neither process overwhelms the other.
⚖️ SPECIAL ISSUE REVIEW ⚖️
Busche et al. review dynamic regulation of plant growth and development in response to stress through the TOR signaling network, with a focus on maize development and growth–defense trade-offs in agriculture and beyond 🌽
🔗 doi.org/10.1093/jxb/...
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