(B) PER conditioning assays. (1) Initial feed and water desensitisation. Harnessed bees given 3–5 μl 30% (w/w) sucrose; antennae touched with water. (2) Acclimatisation. 1 h in darkness (lab cabinet), 22–25°C, 35–40% relative humidity. (3) Conditioning. Five citral presentations (5 μl 95% v/v on filter paper in 20 ml syringe) each reinforced with 30% sucrose. (4) Filter. Discard bees showing PER to first odour presentation or no PER to sucrose. (5) Memory tests. Three trials same day+three trials next day. Group assignment: Good Learners=PER in all six tests; Poor Learners=no PER in any test. (6) Storage. Freezing at −80°C for later molecular work.
Simon Loughran, @fmanfredini.bsky.social & co explore how natural deformed wing virus infections and cognitive ability shape brain gene expression in honey bee foragers. doi.org/10.1242/bio....
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