#BiologicalWeapons #1925GenevaProtocol
Legacy and impact of the 1925 Geneva Protocol: one hundred years of treaties and debates on chemical and biological weapons
www.frontiersin.org/journals/mic...
[ #OpenSource - PDF available]

[...] This essay argues that the 1925 Geneva Protocol has a mixed...

The Polish Paradox: Gen. Kazimierz Sosnkowski and the Ban on Biological Warfare - War on the Rocks It was July 4th, 1944 in London and the end of the war in Europe was finally in sight. The previous month, the Allies had liberated Rome and landed in

#BiologicalWeapons #Interbellum #WW2
The Polish Paradox: Gen. Kazimierz Sosnkowski and the Ban on Biological Warfare
warontherocks.com/2025/08/the-...

↘️↘️Excellent piece by @petersen2023.bsky.social on #Poland's role in the crafting of the #1925GenevaProtocol ...

#ChemicalWeapons #BiologicalWeapons #1925GenevaProtocol #1972BWC
@vertic.bsky.social

#ChemicalWeapons #BiologicalWeapons #1925GenevaProtocol #OPCW #Commemoration
Commemorating a Century of the Geneva Protocol: OPCW Statement on 100 Years of Chemical and Biological Arms Control
www.opcw.org/media-centre...

[...]
The menace of chemical weapons, which the Protocol sought to ...

Chemical and biological weapons – Centennial of the Geneva Protocol (June 17, 2025) Today we celebrate the 100th anniversary of the Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or other Gases, and of (…)

#ChemicalWeapons #BiologicalWeapons #1925GenevaProtocol #France #Commemoration
Chemical and biological weapons – Centennial of the Geneva Protocol (June 17, 2025)
www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/french-fo...

Today we celebrate the 100th anniversary of the Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in ...

Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine - Comment of the MFA on the 100th Anniversary of the Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare On June 17, 2025, the world marks the 100th anniversary of the sigOn June 17, 2025, the world marks the 100th anniversary of the signing of one of the most significant instruments in the field of international humanitarian law — the Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare (the Geneva Protocol)

#ChemicalWeapons #BiologicalWeapons #Ukraine #UkraineRussiaWar #Statement
Comment of the MFA on the 100th Anniversary of the #1925GenevaProtocol
www.kmu.gov.ua/en/news/kome...

[...]

The Geneva Protocol laid the foundation for the international legal ban on the use of chemical and biological ...

#BiologicalWeapons #History #1925GenevaProtocol #Denmark
Professor Madsen and his contribution to the
Geneva Protocol of 1925 @petersen2023.bsky.social
www.biosikring.dk/fileadmin/us...

[...]
One of the scientists asked to serve in this subcommittee was the Danish physician and ...

The #1925GenevaProtocol gradually became part of "Customary International Law" and is now seen as legally-binding upon all States Parties and to any type of conflict.

It's text was incorporated in the 1998 Rome Statute establishing the International Criminal Court (ICC).

Illustrating today's relevance of the #1925GenevaProtocol, the treaty forms the legal basis for the UN Secretary-General's Mechanism (UNSGM) to investigate alleged use of chemicals and biological weapons, mechanism still active today.

The #1925GenevaProtocol served as a political base for the adoption in 1972 of the Biological Weapons Convention, and in 1993 of the Chemical Weapons Convention.

Additionally, many States having joined the #1925GenevaProtocol included reservations to their signature allowing them to retaliate with prohibited weapons if attacked first.

Many reservations were withdrawn since.

The #1925GenevaProtocol bans:
➡️ the use of asphyxiating gases
➡️ the use of biological weapons
in the context of armed conflict

However, it does not cover
➡️ the development or stockpiling of such weapons
➡️ activities outside context of armed conflicts

🎂 Today marks the 100th anniversary of the #1925GenevaProtocol, one of the earliest global norm to ban the use of asphyxiating gases and biological weapons in war.

100 years later, it is still a critical instrument to address the proliferation and use of Biological and Chemical weapons ⤵️