Structural equation modeling revealed the direct and indirect effects of competition type and biochar addition on NO3−-N uptake and NH4+-N uptake of Phragmites australis (a, b) and Spartina altemiflora (c, d). The black and red lines with arrows indicate positive and negative effects, respectively, and dotted lines with arrows indicate insignificant relationships. The widths of red and black lines with arrows are proportional to the strength of the relationships. The standardized path coefficients and R2 were given; ***, ** and * indicate P < 0.001,

🔎 #BiocharAddition ➡️ nitrogen competition between #Invasive Spartina alterniflora and native Phragmites australis 🟰 Effects❓

Results:
1️⃣ #InterspecificCompetition: the NO3−-N uptake rate of both⬆️;
2️⃣ Intra- and interspecific competition: the NH4+-N uptake rate of both⬆️.

doi.org/10.1093/jpe/...