Left Volume activation maps of the saliency-sensitive response in the foreground ROIs of V1, V2, and IPS for a representative participant. Red lines indicate the boundary between gray matter (GM) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Yellow lines indicate the boundary between GM and white matter (WM). Right: Lefthand column: Surface activation maps of saliency-sensitive response ( in percent signal change) in different cortical depths of V1 in the same representative participant. Dashed circles indicate the location of foreground on the cortical surface. Righthand column: Saliency maps (averaged across all participants) in image space

How does the brain direct our #attention to conspicuous objects in our field of #vision? This study in humans maps the neural origin and propagation of #saliency signals through #CorticalLayers during visual processing @plosbiology.org 🧪 plos.io/4qqcAsW

Left Volume activation maps of the saliency-sensitive response in the foreground ROIs of V1, V2, and IPS for a representative participant. Red lines indicate the boundary between gray matter (GM) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Yellow lines indicate the boundary between GM and white matter (WM). Right: Lefthand column: Surface activation maps of saliency-sensitive response ( in percent signal change) in different cortical depths of V1 in the same representative participant. Dashed circles indicate the location of foreground on the cortical surface. Righthand column: Saliency maps (averaged across all participants) in image space

How does the brain direct our #attention to conspicuous objects in our field of #vision? This study in humans maps the neural origin and propagation of #saliency signals through #CorticalLayers during visual processing @plosbiology.org 🧪 plos.io/4qqcAsW

Left Volume activation maps of the saliency-sensitive response in the foreground ROIs of V1, V2, and IPS for a representative participant. Red lines indicate the boundary between gray matter (GM) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Yellow lines indicate the boundary between GM and white matter (WM). Right: Lefthand column: Surface activation maps of saliency-sensitive response ( in percent signal change) in different cortical depths of V1 in the same representative participant. Dashed circles indicate the location of foreground on the cortical surface. Righthand column: Saliency maps (averaged across all participants) in image space

How does the brain direct our #attention to conspicuous objects in our field of #vision? This study in humans maps the neural origin and propagation of #saliency signals through #CorticalLayers during visual processing @plosbiology.org 🧪 plos.io/4qqcAsW

Top left: Raster plot showing the neural spiking of different types of neurons across layers. The red dots represent excitatory neurons, while the others represent parvalbumin-positive interneurons (blue), somatostatin-positive interneurons (green), and 5-HT3a receptor-positive interneurons (purple), respectively. Top right: Averaged firing rate of excitatory neurons across layers over time, calculated using a 2 ms time bin. Dash lines indicate the onset of flash stimuli. Bottom: Schematic illustration explaining the phase dependency. The synaptic input from the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) enters the region adjacent to basal dendrites in deeper layers (gray circle), which are highly responsive to this input (left). When the peak phase of AC flows in a downward direction (middle), the membrane potential in basal dendrites is depolarized, leading to a weaker driving force. It results in weaker (less negative) excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) affecting change in LFPs and vice versa during the trough phase.

Electrical #BrainStimulation can be used to modulate #brain activity but how does it affect the #CorticalLayers? This study shows that only the deeper layers show phase-dependent changes in local field potential components upon electrical stimulation @plosbiology.org 🧪 plos.io/406W3i5

Top left: Raster plot showing the neural spiking of different types of neurons across layers. The red dots represent excitatory neurons, while the others represent parvalbumin-positive interneurons (blue), somatostatin-positive interneurons (green), and 5-HT3a receptor-positive interneurons (purple), respectively. Top right: Averaged firing rate of excitatory neurons across layers over time, calculated using a 2 ms time bin. Dash lines indicate the onset of flash stimuli. Bottom: Schematic illustration explaining the phase dependency. The synaptic input from the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) enters the region adjacent to basal dendrites in deeper layers (gray circle), which are highly responsive to this input (left). When the peak phase of AC flows in a downward direction (middle), the membrane potential in basal dendrites is depolarized, leading to a weaker driving force. It results in weaker (less negative) excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) affecting change in LFPs and vice versa during the trough phase.

Electrical #BrainStimulation can be used to modulate #brain activity but how does it affect the #CorticalLayers? This study shows that only the deeper layers show phase-dependent changes in local field potential components upon electrical stimulation @plosbiology.org 🧪 plos.io/406W3i5

Top left: Raster plot showing the neural spiking of different types of neurons across layers. The red dots represent excitatory neurons, while the others represent parvalbumin-positive interneurons (blue), somatostatin-positive interneurons (green), and 5-HT3a receptor-positive interneurons (purple), respectively. Top right: Averaged firing rate of excitatory neurons across layers over time, calculated using a 2 ms time bin. Dash lines indicate the onset of flash stimuli. Bottom: Schematic illustration explaining the phase dependency. The synaptic input from the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) enters the region adjacent to basal dendrites in deeper layers (gray circle), which are highly responsive to this input (left). When the peak phase of AC flows in a downward direction (middle), the membrane potential in basal dendrites is depolarized, leading to a weaker driving force. It results in weaker (less negative) excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) affecting change in LFPs and vice versa during the trough phase.

Electrical #BrainStimulation can be used to modulate #brain activity but how does it affect the #CorticalLayers? This study shows that only the deeper layers show phase-dependent changes in local field potential components upon electrical stimulation @plosbiology.org 🧪 plos.io/406W3i5