Ontario's Legislative Landscape Shifts with Passage of Protect Ontario by Unleashing our Economy Act, 2025
Ontario’s legislative landscape has shifted with the royal assent of Bill 5, the Protect Ontario by Unleashing our Economy Act, 2025, on June 5, 2025. This Act, already generating considerable discussion, aims to accelerate permitting and approval processes for key sectors, particularly mining and critical infrastructure, while also limiting foreign involvement in Ontario’s energy sector. A significant element involves the establishment of "special economic zones" granting the government power to expedite construction by bypassing standard provincial and municipal regulations.
Bill 5 brings about amendments to numerous pieces of legislation, including the Electricity Act, 1998, the Endangered Species Act, 2007, the Environmental Assessment Act, the Mining Act, and the Ontario Energy Board Act, 1998, among others. These changes are expected to have broad and substantial impacts across various industries.
Notable alterations include provisions within the Electricity Act, 1998, which empower the Minister of Energy to direct the Independent Electricity System Operator (IESO) to restrict electricity procurement based on the origin of supply. Similarly, the Endangered Species Act, 2007, will be replaced with the Species Conservation Act, 2025, implementing a registration-based system designed to speed up project commencement. The Mining Act is revised to create a streamlined “one project, one process” system managed by a designated delivery team, with the Minister gaining considerable discretionary power over mining activities to safeguard national mineral supply chains. The Ontario Heritage Act allows for exemptions from archaeological assessments and grants increased powers for inspections and investigations. The Special Economic Zones Act, 2025, establishes zones with expedited permitting processes.
The Act’s passage has drawn criticism, particularly from environmental and First Nations groups, who express concerns regarding weakened environmental safeguards and reduced consultation requirements. These concerns are anticipated to persist as Bill 5’s provisions are implemented.