13/ Conclusions 3: Cost matters, and PHES offers a strong advantage. #India has 20.4 TWh potential under 50 €/kWh,cap - 6.5x more than 2050 storage needs. #PHES shows strong cost & longevity benefits alongside batteries. shorturl.at/rRpJC #EnergyTransition #StorageEconomics
11/ Conclusions 1: #Batteries are cost-effective for short-term storage but rely on limited Lithium-ion resources. #PHES offers domestic potential, long lifetimes (up to 100 yrs) & lower lifecycle costs, making it a robust complement. #EnergySecurity
10/ India’s PHES potential is 3-5x higher than 2050 storage needs projected by Gulagi, Bhattacharya, Jacobson10.1038/s41467-022-33048-8 , doi.org/10.1016/j.rs... doi.org/10.1039/D2EE... Strong case for #PHES & #battery integration. #LongTermStorage
8/ Key Findings: Madhya Pradesh has the largest potential with around 11 TWh. Its central location makes it ideal for grid balancing and powering industrial hubs in Gujarat and Maharashtra. This state could be #India’s energy storage backbone. #EnergyStorage #PHES
7/ Key Findings: #India has 26.6 TWh of PHES potential below 130 €/kWh,cap. Lowest cost site in Madhya Pradesh at 35.3 €/kWh,cap. Cost drops as storage size grows—making #PHES ideal for large-scale deployment. #EnergyStorage #Renewables
6/ Key Findings: #India has ~38.1 TWh of technical #PHES potential (4758 GW power capacity at 8h cycles) from a total of 293 viable PHES sites that were identified. #EnergyStorage #IndiaEnergy
5/ Prior studies assessed #PHES in #Chile, #Bolivia & #Peru using all water bodies (incl. seawater) + cost calcs doi.org/10.1016/j.re.... In #Iran, sites were ranked via multi-criteria analysis based on cost factors: doi.org/10.1016/j.en...
4/ Methods: Developed a two-step #GIS-based #Python model. Topographical analysis maps potential of #PHES sites (various configurations) using terrain & water data. Economic analysis estimates site-specific costs (reservoirs, turbines, penstocks).
3/ Novelties of research: presenting a globally replicable, #Python-based GIS model to identify & evaluate #PHES and #SPHES potential, including site mapping, cost estimation & scalability. #India is chosen as a case study to show its broad relevance & global adaptability.
2/ Research gap: #PHES is key for #RenewableEnergy integration but faces challenges—suitable site identification & economic viability. Existing studies often ignore full water resources or lack economic analysis. Sea-based #PHES remains underexplored globally.
