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Making the Desert a City: Recent Discoveries from Ancient Trimithis in the Dakhla Oasis of Egypt

**Lecture** If you are in Portland, OR on **Mon, Mar 16, 7:15pm** come to @reed.edu and
hear about the 2026 field season at Amheida. “Making the Desert a City: Recent Discoveries from Ancient Trimithis in the Dakhla Oasis of Egypt.” #amheida2026 @archaeological.org events.reed.edu/event/making...

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Well, this may or may not be it for our season. We may get an extension, but this is likely it for B10 this year. We got to the floors in Rms 5, 6, 7, 9, and 10, but ran out of time for Rm 2. So, for now, we backfill to dig another day, insha’allah. #amheida2026 #romanegypt #archaeology

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Archaeology students from Matrouh participate in the work of the international archaeological mission in the "Amheda" area. A number of students and graduates from the Faculty of Archaeology and Languages ​​at Matrouh University participated in the work of the international archaeological mission in the Amheida area during...

We got some nice coverage about the four lovely students from Matrouh University who visited us this year to gain archaeological experience! English: mau.edu.eg/posts/detail... Arabic: www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details... #amheida2026 #romanegypt #archaeology @isawnyu.bsky.social

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Four young women in headscarfs posing for a selfie outside.

Four young women in headscarfs posing for a selfie outside.

A young women in a headscarf using a level to take an elevation while a man to the left looks on.

A young women in a headscarf using a level to take an elevation while a man to the left looks on.

Two people sitting on either side of a fallen piece of plaster, cleaning it with brushes. Orange flags mark important spots near them.

Two people sitting on either side of a fallen piece of plaster, cleaning it with brushes. Orange flags mark important spots near them.

The young women in headscarves work at a table to reassemble an ancient pot. Near them on the table is a green tub of sand and shards of pottery.

The young women in headscarves work at a table to reassemble an ancient pot. Near them on the table is a green tub of sand and shards of pottery.

This week we are hosting four fantastic Egyptian students from #matrouhuniversity, Arwa, Nadia, Rahma, and Manar, during their holiday break. They are learning about everything from stratigraphy, to to ceramics, to conservation—and clearly having a blast! #amheida2026 #dakhlaoasis

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**Dakhla Bird Quiz** Who am I? Answer tomorrow! #dakhlaoasis #ancientbirds #amheida2026

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An architectural plan of a building with labels designating Building 10 and Room 2 in orange

An architectural plan of a building with labels designating Building 10 and Room 2 in orange

A wooden tray of painted plaster fragments of various colors and hues with text overlays that say “Move over Humpty Dumpty” and “#amheida2026”

A wooden tray of painted plaster fragments of various colors and hues with text overlays that say “Move over Humpty Dumpty” and “#amheida2026”

Jigsaw puzzle! Much of the painted ceiling in Rm 2 inverted as it fell; we are recover what we can, incl. pieces w/ geometric patterns and figural imagery. This is a rescue and documentation operation, but we are glad to have conservators Mahmoud Samir and Jen Porter for this collapse. #amheida2026

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A clipboard with a plan and pencil as on top of it, all sitting on a n orderly collapse of mudbrick

A clipboard with a plan and pencil as on top of it, all sitting on a n orderly collapse of mudbrick

A plan detailing collapse patterns on a clipboard with pencils on top

A plan detailing collapse patterns on a clipboard with pencils on top

A view of three people working in an archaeological trench, all inspecting a wall to the right. At the top of the frame a plastered wall painted black shows through a gap in a sand embankment.

A view of three people working in an archaeological trench, all inspecting a wall to the right. At the top of the frame a plastered wall painted black shows through a gap in a sand embankment.

A meditation on collapses. Yes they’re in your way, but they tell a story of unbuilding. They have a beauty of their own, frozen cascades of bricks, a record of a lonely day when a vault or wall fell without a witness—only now someone sees the moment they finally gave way. #amheida2026 #romanegypt

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Photo stand on a wooden desk with mounted camera and lights over a sole ostracon, with more ostraca to the left waiting for photography. Banners in purple overlaid say “Ostraca getting ready to meet the paparazzi #amheida2026”

Photo stand on a wooden desk with mounted camera and lights over a sole ostracon, with more ostraca to the left waiting for photography. Banners in purple overlaid say “Ostraca getting ready to meet the paparazzi #amheida2026”

Ostraca in plastic bags on a wooden desk, with a papers and books to the left. Banners overlayed say “It’s like being a kid on Halloween … But they are handing out ostraca!”

Ostraca in plastic bags on a wooden desk, with a papers and books to the left. Banners overlayed say “It’s like being a kid on Halloween … But they are handing out ostraca!”

Large ostraca in plastic bags in a wooden desk. Banners in orange overlaid say “ May I take two BIG ones, please? #amheida2026”

Large ostraca in plastic bags in a wooden desk. Banners in orange overlaid say “ May I take two BIG ones, please? #amheida2026”

Ostraca in situ on the floor of an ancient room being excavated next to a wall on the right. A person in a straw hat, red scarf and galabeya works at the top of the photo.

Ostraca in situ on the floor of an ancient room being excavated next to a wall on the right. A person in a straw hat, red scarf and galabeya works at the top of the photo.

This year in B10 has been v. productive, esp. for ostraca! We have recovered > 120 in 3 weeks, incl. some large and interesting accounts, which may constitute a dossier if not ancient archive in Rm 9. Only study will tell us. In the meantime, they must smile for the camera! #amheida2026 #papyrology

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A soccer team standing on a green field with light and dark sections of field posing for a group shot. Text overlay says The Amheida Invitational

A soccer team standing on a green field with light and dark sections of field posing for a group shot. Text overlay says The Amheida Invitational

People playing soccer on a field with light and dark green sections. Text overlay in orange says Action Shot

People playing soccer on a field with light and dark green sections. Text overlay in orange says Action Shot

People playing soccer on a field with light and dark green sections. Text overlay says ISAW + WASHU = GOOOOOOOOOOL!

People playing soccer on a field with light and dark green sections. Text overlay says ISAW + WASHU = GOOOOOOOOOOL!

Group photo in front of a can in a Sandy parking lot. Text overlay says It takes a team.

Group photo in front of a can in a Sandy parking lot. Text overlay says It takes a team.

It’s another one for the books! The Third Amheida Invitational Football Cup saw the Trimithis Surveyors take on the undefeated home team, the Amheida Pyramids. It was a fierce game that saw excellent play from both returning veterans like Claire Lyman and up-and-coming rookies. #amheida2026

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A long, straight, wide street formed by low walls in the desert with men working clear the walls in the background

A long, straight, wide street formed by low walls in the desert with men working clear the walls in the background

An orthogonal T intersection of low walls in the desert with a man to the extreme right in the background

An orthogonal T intersection of low walls in the desert with a man to the extreme right in the background

The archaeological plan of Trimithis showing the areas and the extant, mapped walls

The archaeological plan of Trimithis showing the areas and the extant, mapped walls

A detail of the archaeological plan of Trimithis showing the walls in Area 11

A detail of the archaeological plan of Trimithis showing the walls in Area 11

Welcome to Area 11! This is the site’s w. edge, recently revealed by a dune’s passage. This year we will map it (see old plan) & put in a test trench. The surface pottery suggests that it is earlier than the late antique core. It also seems planned, unusual (so far) for #dakhlaoasis ! #amheida2026

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A room of a mud brick house full of sand with a painted wall peeking through

A room of a mud brick house full of sand with a painted wall peeking through

Mudbrick vault block on the sand showing white plaster ceiling on one side

Mudbrick vault block on the sand showing white plaster ceiling on one side

One mudbrick vault block with white plaster ceiling showing finger grooves on the side to improve adherence

One mudbrick vault block with white plaster ceiling showing finger grooves on the side to improve adherence

And architectural plan of a building

And architectural plan of a building

The end of 2nd week of excavation; making good progress at B10 removing the collapsed vaults in Rms 5-6 and getting to the occupational levels in Rms 2, 7, 8, 9. We have our work cut out for us consolidating and conserving the painted plaster walls. #amheida2026 #dakhkaoasis #romanegypt

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A 17th century illustration with a bird picking the teeth of a crocodile

A 17th century illustration with a bird picking the teeth of a crocodile

A 20th century engraved print showing a spurwing lapwing picking the teeth of a crocodile.

A 20th century engraved print showing a spurwing lapwing picking the teeth of a crocodile.

A black, gray, and white bird in a green field

A black, gray, and white bird in a green field

DAKHLA Bird Quiz #2 (2/2). Herodotus’ account was repeated by ancient and medieval authors (eg, 9th-c al-Jahiz, Bk of Animals) and re-popularized by 19th- and early 20th-c. naturalists and travel-writers (like H. Scherren) But scientists say that H. got it wrong. #ancientbirds #amheida2026

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Black, gray and white bird in a green field. Orange banners declare that it is the Spur-wing Lapwing or Trochilus bird

Black, gray and white bird in a green field. Orange banners declare that it is the Spur-wing Lapwing or Trochilus bird

DAKHLA bird Quiz #2 (1/2). It’s the “Spur-winged lapwing,” ubiquitous in the #dakhlaoasis. Sometimes identified with Herodotus’ “trochilus,” or “crocodile bird” (2.68), a bird he says had a symbiotic relationship with crocodiles, tolerated because they clean their teeth. #ancientbirds #amheida2026

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Great press release about #WashU Classics! Read more here: classics.wustl.edu/news/washu-g... #amheida2026 #archaeology #romanegypt #egypt @isawnyu.bsky.social

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Black, white, and gray bird in a green field

Black, white, and gray bird in a green field

Dakhla Bird Quiz #2. What am I? Answer tomorrow. #amheida2026 #dakhlaoasis #ancientbirds #birding #egypt

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Clay stopper on a n ancient jar with a small clay ostracon embedded in it with Greek writing on it.

Clay stopper on a n ancient jar with a small clay ostracon embedded in it with Greek writing on it.

Large clay jar in a modern blue bucket with a mud stopper on it and embedded in it a clay ostracon with Greek writing

Large clay jar in a modern blue bucket with a mud stopper on it and embedded in it a clay ostracon with Greek writing

The oatraka are starting to accumulate, mostly well tags. In Roman Dakhla tenants paid for water partially in kind. “Well tags” were labels for goods paid as rent, e.g., O.Trim. 3.1013, B10, Rm 1 (333/334 CE) embedded in jar inv. 30188. “28th year, Pmoun Psō, Haryotes, 1st (vintage).” #amheida2026

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We would love to be at the #aiascs2026 in SF, but #amheida2026 officially kicked off yesterday! Students from #washu helped to clean and prepare the site Building 10 in Area 8. We plan to open at least 2 trenches this Sat. #dakhlaoasis #romanegypt #archaeology @isawnyu.bsky.social

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Sandstone block with the crowned cat god sekhmet looking left. Hieroglyphs in the upper left corner

Sandstone block with the crowned cat god sekhmet looking left. Hieroglyphs in the upper left corner

Bust of a woman looking down from the ceiling of tomb of Petosiris at El Muzzawaka

Bust of a woman looking down from the ceiling of tomb of Petosiris at El Muzzawaka

Landscape of Egyptian desert with a partially restored pyramid with steep sides centered

Landscape of Egyptian desert with a partially restored pyramid with steep sides centered

Undeclared mudbrick minaret reaching to the a cloudless blue sky

Undeclared mudbrick minaret reaching to the a cloudless blue sky

We took #washu students on a field trip yesterday to W #dalhlaoasis to see the temple of Deir el Hagar, the tombs of El Muzzawaka, the site and pyramid of Amheida, and medieval and Ottoman mudbrick city of el Qasr. #amheida2026 #isawnyu

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Long table in a room with shelves on either side partially filled with books

Long table in a room with shelves on either side partially filled with books

Book cover O.Trim. volume 3 in black and red with text on it, and an image of a fragmentary, rubricated inscription in Greek.

Book cover O.Trim. volume 3 in black and red with text on it, and an image of a fragmentary, rubricated inscription in Greek.

Three people sitting around a table on a roof with an escarpment in the background

Three people sitting around a table on a roof with an escarpment in the background

The #isawnyu branch here at the #nyu excavation facility in the #dakhlaoasis is ready! We also made sure to add a copy of Amheida VIII, O.Trim. 3. Thank you to #washuclassics and #washuarthistory students Aaron Held, Claire Lyman, and Mo Stein for all the help! #nyuisawlib #amheida2026 #archaeology

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Night and Day at the #NYU excavation house in the #dakhlaoasis. Even the moon shadows here are intense! #amheida2026 #romanegypt #archaeology

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Irregular sandstone block with Greek writing on it in. Lack ink, some of which is faded.

Irregular sandstone block with Greek writing on it in. Lack ink, some of which is faded.

Book cover of O.Trim 3 with a rubricated inscription on the cover.

Book cover of O.Trim 3 with a rubricated inscription on the cover.

Happy New Year from the edge of the Roman world! Here’s recently published note on a sandstone block. Lines 2-4 speak about 13 linens as “kalandari(k)a,” which were gifts or new year’s bonuses, usually for officials. Today this καλανδρικόν is for you! See O.Trim 3.8 for more. #amheida2026

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Limestone stele with hieroglyphs and images of pharaoh (Seti II) making offerings to ibis-headed Thoth. In lower register there is a banner saying, “who rules Trimithis? Thoth! Even Seti II knew that.”

Limestone stele with hieroglyphs and images of pharaoh (Seti II) making offerings to ibis-headed Thoth. In lower register there is a banner saying, “who rules Trimithis? Thoth! Even Seti II knew that.”

Trimithis goes back to the OK, but we only pick up the site’s main temple with this stele (inv. 16309) of Seti II (Dyn. 19) making offerings to Thoth. Thoth was Lord of Trimithis until the 4th c. CE. For more, see An Oasis City (2016): dlib.nyu.edu/awdl/isaw/oa... #amheida2026 #dakhlaoasis

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Map of Egypt showing location of western oases and major sites in the Nile Valley

Map of Egypt showing location of western oases and major sites in the Nile Valley

Map of Dakhla and Kharga oases with major sites indicated

Map of Dakhla and Kharga oases with major sites indicated

Plan of Amheida showing extant Alla and location of dunes.

Plan of Amheida showing extant Alla and location of dunes.

Where are we? A good question! Amheida is in the western part of Egypt’s Dakhla oasis, which is deep in the Western Desert. The oasis is a huge depression and most sites are tucked up against the ever-present scarp to the north. And the site is huge! #amheida2026 #dakhlaoasis #romanarchaeology

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An owl staring at the camera from a free top.

An owl staring at the camera from a free top.

Saw this little guy this afternoon on a walk in the fields behind the house. Any guesses as to what Dakhla denizen this is? Answer tomorrow. #amheida2026 #dakhlaoasis #birdsoftheworld

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Six members of the NYU Amheida Excavations staff in front of a staircase

Six members of the NYU Amheida Excavations staff in front of a staircase

We are getting the band back together for #amheida2026

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Image of sunrise over Egypt’s western desert

Image of sunrise over Egypt’s western desert

Good morning, Dakhla! I am thrilled to announce that we signed our contract yesterday with the SCA and so will be headed back to Amheida. We hope to start work sometime in the next two weeks. Stayed tuned tuned for updates from #amheida2026.

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