Close-up view of the underside of a leaf of a Coast Live Oak. Various galls of the Two-horn Gall Wasp are prominent, attached along the major veins of the leaf. Edge of the leaf shows several of the protective spines that are characteristic of the Coast Live Oak.

#CoastLiveOak Two-horned #GallWasp
#Fossils of #insectgalls on leaves 100-million years ago.
Must have been stable LONG before that to be abundant enough for fossilization
#California #environment
#insects
#oak #oaks #oaktree #oaktrees
#Nikon #NikonPhotography
#macrophotography
#insectphotography

A reddish conical-shaped gall of a Red Cone Gall Wasp, on the light-green-colored underside of a leaf of a Valley Oak. Bright sunlight streaming from the left.

Gall of a #RedConeGallWasp, underside of a leaf of #ValleyOak

#insects #galls #insectgalls
#oak #oaks #oaktree #oaktrees
#Nikon #NikonPhotography
#macrophotography
#insectphotography

When the oak leaves fall is a great time to study insect galls. Red Cone Gall Wasp, not red here but within described color variation. (Valley Oak.)

#insects #galls #insectgalls
#oak #oaks #oaktree #oaktrees
#ValleyOak #RedConeGallWasp
#Nikon #NikonPhotography
#macrophotography
#insectphotography