Detail from the 1539 "Carta Marina" by Olaus Magnus (1490-1557) showing a striped fish with a beak-like head being attacked by a green crocodilian beast. The striped fish is a pale orange with darker orange ruffled stripes. It has a single large fin rising from its back and two webbed feet. Its round head appears to have a fringe and a prominent beak. It seems to have a brown fish in its maw. The word "ZIPHIVS" is above it. Image from "Carta Marina" (1539) from Wikimedia Commons.

The medieval zifius appears to have morphed into the later ziphius. This ziphius is from the 1539 "Carta marina" created by Olaus Magnus (1490-1557). The creature attacking it is unnamed. #medievalmanuscripts #medievalbeasts #zifius

A very large black fish-like whale appearing to be vomiting up the green wave it is swimming on. The image is on a gilt-studded red background surrounded by a gilt frame on a manuscript page. Image from Bibliothèque Municipale de Valenciennes, MS 320 [Liber de natura rerum], folio 120v.

This version of the zifius from a 13th century "Libera de natura rerum" has been drawn as a whale in response to the description of a sea monster unlike any other. #medievalmanuscripts #medievalbeasts #zifius

My manuscript notes, now an occasional series: "the article -claims- the scribe of the tipped in markers and organizing stuff with his humanist hand is likely Pieter Meghan, whom I believe is the one-eyed drunken Fleming." #medievalmanuscripts

Surrounded by text, an open-mouthed four-legged monster with a long tail ending in a sharp trefoil is looking sideways with an incredibly worried expression. It has a grey wash over the scales covering its upper body and patches of pinkish-brown wash over its underside and face. It has three pinkish-brown fins rising from its back. It seems to have front paws but webbed back feet. Its head seems very human with curly hair and beard. Its open maw has two rows of triangular teeth, many of which seem to be missing. Image from British Library, Additional MS 11390 [Der Naturen Bloeme], folio 55v.

This worried-looking zifius is from a later version (c1300-1325) of "Der Naturen Bloeme". It is still described as a sea monster despite looking more like a dragon. #medievalmanuscripts #medievalbeasts #zifius

Ah, nothing like seeing my past self make devastatingly smart observations about a manuscript, "WHY IS THERE AN ILLUMINATED BLACK GOAT on fol. 52r?" #medievalmanuscripts

A sea monster with a large round grey head with huge orange round eyes and a grinning mouth filled with orange fan-like teeth. The head seems upside down but it is unclear if that is because the monster is upside down or if it is the right way up but with its features the reverse of most of other animals. It has a small brown body to the side which gives no indication as to whether the beast is upside down or not. The image is in a tarnished gilt frame on a manuscript page. Image from Lippische Landesbibliothek, Ms. 70 [Der Naturen Bloeme], folio 87r.

This week's medieval beast is the little-known zifius simply described as a sea monster unlike any other animal. This particular zifius is from the earliest known version (c1287) of "Der Naturen Bloeme". #medievalmanuscripts #medievalbeasts #zifius

A manuscript page showing a green parrot wearing a bead necklace stomping across a block of text with very orange legs and beak. It has a long tail trailing beyond the text and its expression is distinctly cross. Below the block of text is another image of a white bird perched on a man lying in a bed. The bird is meant to be staring at the man to cure his illness but actually appears to be looking at the viewer. Both the man, resting his head on a red cushion, and the bird have disgruntled expressions. Image from Kongelige Bibliotek Gl. kgl. Saml. 1633 4˚ f.33v

The Bestiary of Ann(e) Walsh(e) is particularly known for the whimsical nature of many of its illustrations as on this page which shows a parrot at the top and a caladrius curing a sick man at the bottom. #medievalmanuscripts #bestiary #annwalsh #annewalshe

Over 32,000 medieval manuscripts transcribed in four months using AI - Medievalists.net A new AI-powered tool that has transcribed over 32,000 medieval manuscripts in four months, giving researchers a vast, searchable corpus and new ways to examine historical sources.

Over 32,000 medieval manuscripts transcribed in four months using AI www.medievalists.net/2026/01/3200... #medievalmanuscripts

A manuscript page showing text divided by a picture of four men in a boat grounded on a whale. The text suggests they think the whale is an island. The colours are muted blues and browns. Image from Kongelige Bibliotek Gl. kgl. Saml. 1633 4˚ f.59v.

Medieval bestiaries are classified into four "Families". The classification refers to the contents of the bestiary. The Bestiary of Ann(e) Walsh(e) is a Second Family bestiary which means that it has been compiled from several sources. #medievalmanuscripts #bestiary #annwalsh #annewalshe

A full manuscript page with two blocks of lined Latin gothic-style text. The blocks are divided by a horned red beast (a bull?) with a tufted tail and a blue dog-like beast is at the bottom of page. There are pen scribbles at the throat and under the feet of the blue beast that look like someone trying out a pen. Image from Kongelige Bibliotek Gl. kgl. Saml. 1633 4˚ f.16v.

The Bestiary of Ann(e) Walsh(e) is dated to c1400-1425 but Anne Walshe is thought to have lived around 1531. She not only practised her signature on certain pages but also scribbled on other pages as on this page. #medievalmanuscripts #bestiary #annwalsh #annewalshe

Two faded signatures on a mansucript page. The top one reads "Ane Walshe" and the lower "Ane W". There is a flourish above the "n" in both signatures which indicates that the letter is doubled. Image from Kongelige Bibliotek Gl. kgl. Saml. 1633 4˚.

This week we're going to focus on one of the books often referred to in our images of medieval beasts: the Bestiary of Ann Walsh (or Anne Walshe). It is named for the signature which appears scribbled on several pages as per this image. #medievalmanuscripts #bestiary #annwalsh #annewalshe

A brown-outlined five-limbed starfish crudely filled in with orange colour. The points of the star are shown as curly/wavy and there is a central circle with lines radiating out of it to each limb in the centre of the starfish. The whole is surrounded by text the same colour as the outline. Image from Cambridge University Library, Kk.4.25, folio 92r.

This medieval torpedo from an English Third Family bestiary dated to 1220-1240 has unusually been illustrated as a starfish. #medievalmanuscripts #medievalbeasts #torpedo

A long silver-coloured fish with its tail fin extending into the border of the page swimming beneath some text. Its gills are shown at the base of its head and it has a distinct overlip and a slightly open mouth giving it a disgruntled expression. Image from Kongelige Bibliotek, GKS 1633 4° [Bestiary of Ann Walsh], folio 63v.

The medieval torpedo was said to be so strength that even its breath could create limb weakness. This disgruntled-looking fish is from the Bestiary of Ann Walsh, 1400-1425. #medievalmanuscripts #medievalbeasts #torpedo

Lost Archimedes Page from Medieval Manuscript Discovered in France - Medievalists.net A lost page from the Archimedes Palimpsest, a famous medieval manuscript, has been identified in a French museum, shedding new light on ancient mathematics.

Lost Archimedes Page from Medieval Manuscript Discovered in France www.medievalists.net/2026/03/lost... #medievalmanuscripts #ArchimedesPalimpsest #historysky

Happening tomorrow! Brought to you by #LeedsDH Research Group. There’s still time to sign up if you want to join us!

#medievalManuscripts #newTechnologies
#bookHistory
#digitalHumanities

A rather blurry large fish outline with a grey colour-washed head and green and brown colour-wash stripes over its body and a brown tail. The colour-washing isn't of very good quality. There is text around the fish on the manuscript page. Image from British Library, Additional MS 11390 [Der Naturen Bloeme], folio 62r.

The medieval torpedo was said to paralyse who/whatever touched it even if it was touched at a distance using a spear. This image is from a version of "Der Naturen Bloeme" dated c1300-c1325. #medievalmanuscripts #medievalbeasts #torpedo

A long black fish half-buried in a green wave at the bottom of the picture with two small fish swimming above it, one blue-grey and the other a creamy colour. The picture is surrounded by a black-edged gilt frame surrounded by text on a manuscript page. The picture's background is red with large gilt circles. Image from Bibliothèque Municipale de Valenciennes, MS 320 [Liber de natura rerum], folio 131v.

The medieval torpedo was said to be a large fish that lived in the Indian Ocean. It was said to bury itself in mud and stun any fish that swam over it. This image is from a 13th century version of "Liber de natura rerum". #medievalmanuscripts #medievalbeasts #torpedo

Political Borders Shaped the Spread of Medieval Chant, Study Finds - Medievalists.net A new study finds that political borders shaped the spread of medieval chant, revealing how tropes travelled across Europe after the Treaty of Verdun.

Political Borders Shaped the Spread of Medieval Chant, Study by @fabianmoss.bsky.social Finds www.medievalists.net/2026/03/poli... #medievalmusic #GregorianChant #medievalmanuscripts

A furry brown dog-like beast with a long raised bushy tail and trailing long pointed ears. It appears very stocky and sturdy. The open-mouthed head and tail are not coloured-in. It has a fierce expression and appears to be moving towards the left. It is shown on green ground against a blue background with clusters of three dots in a gilt frame on a manuscript page. Image from Osterreichische Nationalbibliothek, Cod. 13440 [Der Naturen Bloeme], folio 2r.

The medieval cacus was said to signify angry people pouring fires of vituperation that inflame others. This image from a 14th century Dutch version of "Der Naturen Bloeme" is yet another generic dog-like beast. #medievalmanuscripts #medievalbeasts #cacus

A large generic dog-like beast in a blue-grey colour with an open mouth exhaling four tongues of red fire against a tarnished, possibly gilt, background with a stylised tree seeming to curve over its back. It is shown looking to the left with one foreleg slightly raised and another stylised tree in the background. It is surrounded by a reddish brown and blue decorated frame with gilt corners on a manuscript page. Image from Koninklijke Bibliotheek, KB, KA 16 [Der Naturen Bloeme], folio 51v.

The medieval cacus was sometimes depicted as breathing fire which again harkens back to the myth of Cacus, although Cacus was said to shoot fire from his chest. This image is from a c1350 Flemish version of "Der Naturen Bloeme". #medievalmanuscripts #medievalbeasts #cacus

A brown furry quadruped with a dog-like snout and pointed ears is pulling two bulls backwards by their tails. The animals are shown on green grass with a green plant at the rump of the cacus. A caption of "Cacus" is shown under the rear hooves of the bulls and there is text above, below and beside the cacus. Image from British Library, Additional MS 11390 [Der Naturen Bloeme], folio 10v.

The medieval cacus is possibly a misreading of the myth of Cacus, a flesh-eating shepherd who stole cattle from Hercules. This image is from a c1300-c1325 Dutch version of "Der Naturen Bloeme" by Jacob van Maerlant (c1200-c1272). #medievalmanuscripts #medievalbeasts #cacus

A round-eared blue beast is emerging from a hole in a brown hill and pulling two brown bulls by their tails backwards. The rear bull has its head up and seems to be smiling goofily. The near bull is looking at the blue beast with a very annoyed expression. The animals are shown on brown grass against a red background with large gilt dots in a gilt frame on a manuscript page surrounded by text. Image from Bibliothèque Municipale de Valenciennes, MS 320 [Liber de natura rerum], folio 56r.

Our medieval beast this week is the cacus which was said to be a monster that steals cattle. This image is from a French 13th century version of "Liber de natura rerum" by Thomas de Cantimpré (1201-c1272). #medievalmanuscripts #medievalbeasts #cacus

Thrilled to find out I've been awarded a Bodleian Library Fellowship! I'll be taking up a Humfrey Wanley Visiting Fellowship in the autumn term, researching the residents of medieval Catte Street 📚 #medievalmanuscripts @ihr.bsky.social @ies-sas.bsky.social @bodleian.ox.ac.uk

A winged white lion with a human face surrounded by a curly mane. The face has red cheeks and is looking out at the viewer with crossed-eyes. The harpy is sitting on a green ground and there is a dark-haired head with shut eyes at its front paws which might explain the harpy's confused expression. It is shown against a red background in a pale-coloured frame. Image from Bibliothèque Universitaire Historique de Médecine (Montpellier), H. 437 (L'Image du Monde / Bestiaire of Pierre de Beauvais), folio 207r.

The Bestiare of Pierre Beauvais showed harpies as winged lions with human faces in contrast to other bestiaries. This ?1340 version shows a lion-like harpy (and there is no explanation of why there is a head on the ground). #medievalmanuscripts #medievalbeasts #harpy #harpies

A white-headed bearded harpy with pointed ears. The harpy has a brown bird body banded with grey and white-trimmed wings. The front wing is obviously attached to the leg but the rear wing appears to be attached to the neck and is shown in a very odd upright position. It is shown with some stylised trees which are bent as if in a strong wind. It has a quizzical expression on its face. Image from Koninklijke Bibliotheek, KB, KA 16 [Der Naturen Bloeme], folio 75r.

Although harpies in modern thought are usually associated with women, many medieval harpies were obviously male like this bearded harpy from a c1350 version of "Der Naturen Bloeme". #medievalmanuscripts #medievalbeasts #harpy #harpies

A harpy with a brown dog-like body, white and blue wings and a white bearded head is standing in front of a man in a blue gown with its paws in the figure's lap and one of its back paws on the man's black-clad foot. The man is resting against a green cushion and appears to be fainting. The harpy looks like it is peering into the man's face. Image from Private Library - Unknown Owner, ex-Phillipps MS 6739 (Bestiaire of Pierre de Beauvais, long version), folio 10r.

Medieval harpies were considered to be the personification of storm winds. This murky harpy has a winged dog-like body and is from the Bestiare of Pierre de Beauvais (late 13th century). #medievalmanuscripts #medievalbeasts #harpy #harpies

Joshua O’Driscoll Named Head of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts at the Morgan - Medievalists.net The Morgan Library & Museum has appointed Dr. Joshua O’Driscoll as Melvin R. Seiden Curator and Department Head of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts.

Joshua O’Driscoll Named Head of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts at the Morgan www.medievalists.net/2026/03/josh... #medievalmanuscripts

A generic brown bird with a white human head. The head is shown with a distinctive hairstyle of a rolled curl as a fringe and also at the neck. The bird's legs are only shown in white outline with the back leg appearing to be missing. The harpy is shown on a red-brown background with large gold dots in a gilt frame on a manuscript page. Image from Bibliothèque Municipale de Valenciennes, MS 320 [Liber de natura rerum], folio 86r.

Our medieval beast this week is the mythical harpy which was described as a fierce bird with a human head. This image is from a 13th century version of "Liber de natura rerum". #medievalmanuscripts #medievalbeasts #harpy #harpies

Front cover of a book entitled “The Cambridge Companion to Matthew Paris” edited by James G. Clarke.

Close up shot of the Book of St Albans’

Photograph of the Book of St Albans lying open on a book cradle in the photography studio

How do you digitise a medieval manuscript? 📜📷

Our Manuscripts for Medieval Studies project team explores the craft behind digitising the Book of St Albans in the recently published ‘The Cambridge Companion to Matthew Paris’ edited by James G. Clark. #MedievalManuscripts #MatthewParis

Running towards the right across some text, a delicately tinted, smiling stork. It has a long neck and long body, a drooping tail, a small head with a medium-length hooked beak and impressively sturdy feet with large clawed feet. Image from Kongelige Bibliotek, GKS 1633 4° [Bestiary of Ann Walsh], folio 34v.

Our final medieval stork is from the always delightful Bestiary of Ann Walsh (1400-1425). It is unusual in showing the bird running as most medieval storks are shown standing or sitting. #medievalmanuscripts #medievalbeasts #stork #storks