Violence against children mainly driven by unemployment – report
A new study shows that violence against children and young people in Namibia is mainly caused by social problems such as poverty, crime, alcoholism and unemployment.
The 2025 study, titled ‘The Geography of Sexual, Physical and Emotional Violence Against Children and Young People in Namibia’, was produced by Tobias Shinyemba, a PhD candidate at Birkbeck, University of London, in collaboration with Shino Shiode and Karen Devries of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.
It is the first of its kind in Namibia to use geospatial modelling to examine the risk of violence against children.
“In Namibia, violence against children is driven by patriarchal norms and cultural beliefs that normalise violence and the presence of related social problems, such as poverty, crime, alcoholism and unemployment,” the study says.
According to the report, police data indicate that children account for 10% of murder victims and 32% of rape cases, whereas the 2019 Violence Against Children and Youth Survey found that 40% of girls and 45% of boys experienced sexual, physical or emotional violence before the age of 18.
Despite evidence of geographical disparities in violence against children in Namibia, no study has formally examined its spatial distribution or determinants.
According to the report, emotional violence such as name-calling, humiliation or social exclusion was the most common, especially in areas where community violence and family instability were also present.
Physical abuse like slapping, strangling or threats with weapons was highly concentrated in similar regions, often overlapping with emotional abuse hotspots.
“This study is the first to explore the geospatial patterns and risk factors of violence against children and young people in Namibia, revealing significant regional disparities. Our findings emphasise the need for geographically targeted interventions, as broad approaches to violence prevention are unlikely to be effective.
“Key drivers, such as having a romantic partner, exposure to domestic or community violence, school attendance, and supportive attitudes towards violence against women, highlight the need for policies addressing domestic violence, school safety, cultural norms, and other structural factors,” the report says.
It adds: “The analysis provided valuable insights into spatial variations, underscoring the necessity of disaggregating forms of violence. Geospatial modelling offers critical guidance to policymakers to effectively allocate resources and reduce violence in high-risk areas.”
According to the report, national policies will not work unless they consider the local realities driving abuse in specific areas.
“Broad, one-size-fits-all solutions are unlikely to succeed,” the report states.
It recommends that Namibia adopt geographically targeted interventions, with a special focus on reducing tolerance for violence in communities, addressing the link between domestic abuse and child abuse, and supporting vulnerable households with education, income and parenting support.
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