Want to know about our latest research on #primarycilia and #centrosomes in #brain #microvasculature? Join this e-symposium tomorrow! 🧪
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From limitless primary basal cells for #PCD therapies, to the TOGORAM1 complex, cytoskeleton & ciliopathies, to #PrimaryCilia diversity in brain #microvasculature, to #ExtrasynapticSignaling at neuronal cilia by in situ proteomics, to an epigenetic 'eraser' controlling #cilia stability... 🔥 /fin
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Primary cilia do more than sense signals. This review shows how they regulate cell death pathways in response to diverse stimuli, shaping development, tissue homeostasis, and disease.
🔗 www.sciopen.com/article/10.2...
#PrimaryCilia #CellDeath #SciOpen #TUP @tsinghuauniversity.bsky.social 🧪🌏 🌐
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Graphical abstract showing gradient distribution of primary cilia in the mural cells. Primary cilium frequency and lengths are reversely proportional to smooth-muscle actin expression.
🧩 Summary:
✅ #Pericytes have #PrimaryCilia with an arterio-venular gradient🏳️🌈
✅ 🚶♀️🧠 ECs have primary #cilia, 🐁🧠 ECs don’t
✅ EC polarity aligns opposite to #BloodFlow 🧭
❔Lots of open questions about cilia’s role in #NeurovascularCoupling!
Read the full preprint: 🔗 www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...
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A schematic illustration of the neurovascular unit highlighting primary cilia in ECs.
😮Surprise: 🚶♀️🧠 #EndothelialCells (EC) have #PrimaryCilia facing the vessel lumen, but 🐁🧠 ECs don’t. ~18% of 🚶♀️🧠 ECs are ciliated, mostly in arteriolar-end capillaries. What do these #cilia sense in the 🩸?
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In 🐁, some #pericyte #PrimaryCilia penetrate #astrocytic #endfeet and reach the #neuropil - sometimes near #synapses! Could these #cilia act as sensory “antennae” 📡for #NeurovascularCoupling?
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Top left: Schematic Representation: (Top Left) Mice were perfused and harvested at two-hour intervals over a 24-h period. The harvested mice were then sectioned coronally. (Bottom Left) Coronal brain sections at different brain levels. (Top Middle) The ciliary base was defined as the origin of the coordinate system, and the tip of the cilia was labeled. Cilia length was measured from the base to the tips, and the circular angle was determined. (Bottom Middle) The brain section of the mice was divided into left and right hemispheres. For cilia found in the right hemisphere, a counter-clockwise coordinate system was used to determine the circular angle (Right). For cilia found in the left hemisphere, a clockwise coordinate system was used (Left). (Top Right) An example of the angle measurement from cilia found in the right hemisphere. Bottom left: Representative images of immunofluorescence staining showing cilia labeled with the ADCY3 antibody (red) and the basal body (cilia base) labeled with the centrin 1 antibody (green). Right: Brain Regions analyzed for cilia length and angle.
Spatiotemporal analysis of >10 million #PrimaryCilia in 22 mouse #brain regions shows that #cilia have region-specific length & orientation patterns. #Circadian rhythms of cilia length suggest a role for cilia in the brain’s response to environmental changes @plosbiology.org 🧪 plos.io/4lWnfbQ
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Top left: Schematic Representation: (Top Left) Mice were perfused and harvested at two-hour intervals over a 24-h period. The harvested mice were then sectioned coronally. (Bottom Left) Coronal brain sections at different brain levels. (Top Middle) The ciliary base was defined as the origin of the coordinate system, and the tip of the cilia was labeled. Cilia length was measured from the base to the tips, and the circular angle was determined. (Bottom Middle) The brain section of the mice was divided into left and right hemispheres. For cilia found in the right hemisphere, a counter-clockwise coordinate system was used to determine the circular angle (Right). For cilia found in the left hemisphere, a clockwise coordinate system was used (Left). (Top Right) An example of the angle measurement from cilia found in the right hemisphere. Bottom left: Representative images of immunofluorescence staining showing cilia labeled with the ADCY3 antibody (red) and the basal body (cilia base) labeled with the centrin 1 antibody (green). Right: Brain Regions analyzed for cilia length and angle.
Spatiotemporal analysis of >10 million #PrimaryCilia in 22 mouse #brain regions shows that #cilia have region-specific length & orientation patterns. #Circadian rhythms of cilia length suggest a role for cilia in the brain’s response to environmental changes @plosbiology.org 🧪 plos.io/4lWnfbQ
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Top left: Schematic Representation: (Top Left) Mice were perfused and harvested at two-hour intervals over a 24-h period. The harvested mice were then sectioned coronally. (Bottom Left) Coronal brain sections at different brain levels. (Top Middle) The ciliary base was defined as the origin of the coordinate system, and the tip of the cilia was labeled. Cilia length was measured from the base to the tips, and the circular angle was determined. (Bottom Middle) The brain section of the mice was divided into left and right hemispheres. For cilia found in the right hemisphere, a counter-clockwise coordinate system was used to determine the circular angle (Right). For cilia found in the left hemisphere, a clockwise coordinate system was used (Left). (Top Right) An example of the angle measurement from cilia found in the right hemisphere. Bottom left: Representative images of immunofluorescence staining showing cilia labeled with the ADCY3 antibody (red) and the basal body (cilia base) labeled with the centrin 1 antibody (green). Right: Brain Regions analyzed for cilia length and angle.
Spatiotemporal analysis of >10 million #PrimaryCilia in 22 mouse #brain regions shows that #cilia have region-specific length & orientation patterns. #Circadian rhythms of cilia length suggest a role for cilia in the brain’s response to environmental changes @plosbiology.org 🧪 plos.io/4lWnfbQ
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Pial surface of the MICrONS dataset. Pial arterioles 🔴 and venules 🟣 and macrophages 🔵 are 3D rendered based on volume electron microscopy. Maybe you can spot the lymphocytes 🟡 also?
Macrophages 🔵 with rounded cell bodies in between a penetrating arteriole 🔴 and ascending venule 🟣 are touched by fibroblast 🟡 primary cilia. Maybe the primary cilia tell the macrophages to stay where they are, so they are equally distributed across the pial surface?
Here is an overview of the pial #macrophages 🔵 in the #MICrONS dataset. Between an #arteriole 🔴 and a #venule 🟣 3 macrophages are hanging out on top of the #piamater #fibroblasts 🟡. The #primarycilia of each of the fibroblasts are touching a macrophage. What are they communicating? 🤔
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