2/ Context: Shipping is considered one of the hard-to-abate segments of the energy transition next to aviation doi.org/10.1016/j.rs.... Full defossilisation & transition towards #100RE is considered doable: ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/983... ; doi.org/10.1016/j.en... .
12/ Hydrogen presents an important energy carrier in broader #PtXeconomy. IAM scenarios fall short of hydrogen production identified in #100RE literature. In 2050, scenarios show a wide range of production routes & cluster towards e-H2 in 2100. H2-to-X routes are largely missing.
5/ Compared to #100RE analyses these shares can still be low as previous @lut.fi research has found an 87% share of solar PV and wind power in primary energy supply by 2050 (doi.org/10.1016/j.en...). For many IAMs, electricity supplies in 2050 and 2100 are not fully defossilised.
2/ Context: Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) were the key supplier of global climate change mitigation scenarios that informed policy recommendations in the AR6. Limits in these models, though, have constrained their ability to identify #100RE solutions.
17/ Conclusions 3: Dramatic expected cost declines in #RE can lead to outcomes where #100RE is more economically viable than business-as-usual trajectories, or within reasonable margins if supply diversity is a societal goal.
13/ Compare results 2: Energy flow diagram of the Teske/DLR-1.5C scenario reaching #100RE with a diversified #RE supply and high overall electrification (58%).
12/ Compare results 1: Energy flow diagram of the LUT-BPS2050 scenario reaching #100RE with a high solar PV share and highest overall electrification (94%) among all scenarios leading to lowest cost solution.
3/ Background: Different energy scenarios attempt to answer different questions regarding future energy supply and demand. 4 scenario archetypes are modelled: (1) optimised #100RE scenarios, (2) highly diverse #100RE scenarios, (3) medium, and (4) low climate ambition scenarios.
2/ Context: This research considerably expands existing power sector analysis doi.org/10.1016/j.ap... now to the entire energy system. Discussion on the value of #100RE ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/983... is amplified with this research.
1/ New research @lut.fi & collaborators from 7 institutions doi.org/10.1049/rpg2... develops new harmonisation methods to directly compare net-zero emission transition scenarios of #100RE community with scenarios from the 2022 #IEA Stated Policy & Sustainable Development.
7/ Both 2050 scenarios drastically cut annual energy system costs. Transitioning to #100RE drops annual costs from 40.4 b€ in 2019 to 16.9-22.4 b€, driven by massive reductions in fossil fuel expenses.
2/ Using energyplan.eu, we conducted hourly simulations to balance multi-sector energy demand against variable RE supply, comparing 100% self-sufficiency vs. e-fuel imports. @EnergyPLAN is among top3 most used tools for #100RE system research (doi.org/10.1016/j.rs... ).
1/ New research @lut.fi shows that densely populated & energy-demanding #Belgium can transition to #100RE by 2050
doi.org/10.1016/j.se....
Comprehensive electrification leads to primary energy demand drop by up to 49% & annual system costs plummet from 40.4 b€ (2019) to <23 b€.
4/ Key finding: In BPS, #CO2 emissions drop from 446 MtCO2 (2020) to zero by 2050, while the system becomes >93% electrified (incl. direct use + PtX), showing #100RE feasibility for Iran for the entire energy-industry system as least-cost solution.
2/ Novelties: First highly sector-coupled, cost-optimal #Iran transition with hourly resolution & 9 regions, comparing Best/Delayed/Current Policy Scenarios and quantifying costs, capacity build-out, storage & #PtX roles. This adds to the existing body of #100RE studies for #Iran
1/ New research @UniLUT ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1049/... investigates pathways to a fully renewable energy system in #Iran across power, heat, transport, industry & desalination, with 3 policy scenarios to 2050. #100RE #NetZero
Bhutan tenders 120 MW solar project www.pv-magazine.com/2025/12/17/b... - see projections for #100RE in #Bhutan for an all-sector investigation: ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/944...
10/ #AnnualisedEnergyFlow analysis reveals temporary stresses during rapid deployment that are invisible in lifetime averages. #MENA & #SAARC may see short-term declines from rising #solarPV & #wind capacities in the LUT-BPS #100RE transition but overall trends rise before 2050.
Chile benefits ;-). #100RE is the core basis for economic power. Also the IT companies learn this right now (again). In the last 2 years they dreamed a lot about nuclear, now they realise it is (i) super expensive and (ii) built in 10+ years if ordered today. Compare to PV+battery+wind ...
2/ This research links to earlier insights on limited lithium availability www.nature.com/articles/s41... and #100RE system studies ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/983... which found a very high relevance of battery storage doi.org/10.1016/j.rs....
2/ This research links to #100RE islands research doi.org/10.1002/wene...; our Arctic energy research, e.g., #Greenland doi.org/10.1016/j.en... and Lapland doi.org/10.1016/j.en..., and CDR research doi.org/10.1016/j.ij...
4/ The study couples latest techno-economic #100RE scenarios with #pLCA, enabling cross-country evaluation. Four case countries with contrasting PV-wind power shares & #climatezones are included: #Finland , #Germany , #Spain , #Chile .
8/ As #Shetland has not been studied in this context, this novel study addresses this geographical gap by investigating its potential to transition to a #100RE system & assessing the capacity & costs for producing and exporting large volumes of green e-hydrogen to the EU in 2050.
2/ This research adds to #100RE on islands doi.org/10.1002/wene...; how islands can benefit from exporting energy e.g. #Greenland doi.org/10.1016/j.en...; how hydrogen infrastructure restricts www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti...; reaching transition targets #Europe doi.org/10.1016/j.en...
1/ New @lut.fi research investigates Shetland's energy future, finding it can reach #100RE & become a green e-hydrogen export hub for #Europe by 2050. doi.org/10.1016/j.en.... Potential to export over 626 TWh (H2,LHV) annually at a competitive cost of 77.6 €/MWh (H2,LHV).
and here some background on pathways and options for rebalancing with planetary boundaries (and yes #100RE is the first step): doi.org/10.1371/jour... ; www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti... ; doi.org/10.1016/j.ij... ; dx.doi.org/10.1029/2023...
we do not disagree on the path to zero emissions. however, a #100RE systems is affected by some weather variations and that requires a balancing. The business for CDR will be quite fine, as it is already ok without free energy.
13/ Conclusions: 1067 articles on #100RE systems analyses were analysed. The research field has grown strongly in recent years. Studies increasingly cover multi-nodes, multi-sectors, transition pathways, and optimisation analyse. Europe is the by far best investigated region.
8/ Transition pathways are used for 23% of all #100RE systems analyses. That means that 77% of studies are overnight analyses for principle analyses of #100RE systems, however, without describing how to reach that status.
3/ Methods: We searched online platforms like Scopus to find #100RE systems articles with regional system analyses, enabling a systematic literature review, data extraction, and critical assessment of key findings.
