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Ask Ethan: Can quantum entanglement survive a black hole? Quantum entanglement links information between particles across space and time. So what happens when one of them falls into a black hole?

Can quantum entanglement survive a black hole?

#AskEthan

When one member of an entangled pair of particles falls into the black hole, is the entanglement broken?

And if not, is there any way to test and confirm its persistence?
bigthink.com/starts-with-...
#space #astro #physics #quantum

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Ask Ethan: Will anything persist when the Universe dies? Long after the last star burns out, the Universe will experience its end state: a heat death. Will everything prior then be meaningless?

Will anything persist when the Universe dies?

#AskEthan

The last star will burn out, the last black hole will decay, and entropy will reach its maximum: a heat death.

After all that, can any trace of our existence still persist?
bigthink.com/starts-with-...
#space #cosmology #fate #astro

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Ask Ethan: Can we see the expanding Universe changing? The Universe is expanding, the expansion is accelerating, and some galaxies even recede faster-than-light. Can we see a change in real time?

Can we see the expanding Universe changing?

#AskEthan

We've measured the expanding Universe by looking at many objects at different distances and with different redshifts.

Here's how we'll measure it directly: with just one object over time.

bigthink.com/starts-with-...
#space #astro #redshift

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Ask Ethan: How long can the longest-lived star shine? 13.8 billion years have passed since the Big Bang, but many stars will survive for longer than that. What's the longest-lived a star can be?

How long can the longest-lived star shine?

#AskEthan

It's been 13.8 billion years since the Big Bang, but the longest-lived stars will shine for many trillions of years.

How long do we have before the last survivor goes out?

bigthink.com/starts-with-...
#space #astro #stars #future

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Ask Ethan: How much damage could a cosmic ray do to a human? At the upper limits of what's energetically possible, cosmic rays still persist. What happens if a human gets hit by the most energetic one?

How much damage could a cosmic ray do to a human?

#AskEthan

Cosmic rays come in all varieties of energy and speed, with the most energetic ones outstripping even LHC protons by a factor of millions.

What would happen if one hit you?

bigthink.com/starts-with-...
#space #astro #physics #particle

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Ask Ethan: Where are all the blueshifted galaxies? Even in an expanding Universe, we expect both redshifted and blueshifted galaxies. But nearly every one we see is redshifted. Here's why.

Where are all the blueshifted galaxies?

#AskEthan

The Universe is expanding, sure.

Nearby, many galaxies are blueshifted, far away, few are, and beyond a certain distances, none are.

What does this imply, and how do we know?
bigthink.com/starts-with-...
#space #astrophysics #astro #expanding

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Ask Ethan: Why do gravitational lenses make crosses, not rings? Gravitational lenses arise when foreground masses and background light sources properly align. Einstein rings are rare, but crosses abound.

Why do gravitational lenses make crosses, not rings?

#AskEthan

When an observer, foreground mass, and a background light source all align, you get a gravitational lens.

You might expect Einstein rings, but more often you get crosses.

Here's why.
bigthink.com/starts-with-...
#space #astro

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Ask Ethan: What does "gravitationally bound" mean in the expanding Universe? When objects are gravitationally bound, they cannot escape from one another's influence. How does that work within the expanding Universe?

What does “gravitationally bound” mean in the expanding Universe?

#AskEthan

Does the fabric of space expand, within the expanding Universe, in the location where you are?

It depends on if you're inside a bound structure or not. Here's what that means.

bigthink.com/starts-with-...
#space #astro

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Ask Ethan: Why is there no such thing as antigravity? In General Relativity, the matter and energy curve spacetime, which we experience as gravity. Why can't there be an "antigravity" force?

Why is there no such thing as antigravity?

#AskEthan

In our Universe, everything that we know of experiences the influence of gravity.

But if there are antiparticles, why isn't there any antigravity?
bigthink.com/starts-with-...
#space #gravity #physics #astro

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Ask Ethan: Why does something exist instead of nothing? Perhaps the most remarkable fact about the Universe at all is simply that it, and everything in it, exists. But what's the reason why?

Why does something exist instead of nothing?

#AskEthan

We all know that the fact that the Universe exists has made a lot of people angry since the dawn of people.

But how did our Universe come to have "something" instead of nothing?

bigthink.com/starts-with-...
#space #quantum #physics #reality

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Ask Ethan: Can stars form within the expanding Universe? Our Universe doesn't just expand and cool, but the expansion itself is accelerating. Can stars form under such structure-erasing conditions?

Can stars form within the expanding Universe?

#AskEthan

The Universe, since the Big Bang, expands, cools, and gets less dense.

How is it possible for gravity to form stars in such a dilute environment?
bigthink.com/starts-with-...
#space #astronomy #stars #cosmology

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Ask Ethan: How do LLMs/chatbots impact students and cheating? As technology advances, more opportunities for cheating arise. AI/LLMs aren't posing a new problem; they're how students cheat themselves.

How do LLMs/chatbots impact students and cheating?

#AskEthan

Across all educational levels, students are outsourcing their assignments to LLMs like ChatGPT.

Except for the ones who care about growing their own minds, they're unlikely to stop.
bigthink.com/starts-with-...
#astro #physics #ed

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Ask Ethan: Can we ever observe a proton decaying? As the lightest baryon in the Universe, the proton is thought by many to be eternally stable. But if it isn't, can we observe it decaying?

Can we ever observe a proton decaying?

#AskEthan

As far as we experimentally know, the proton is a truly stable particle.

But theoretically, there are many motivations to search for proton decay.

Will we ever observe one in action?
bigthink.com/starts-with-...
#physics #astro #particle #matter

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Ask Ethan: What's the point of exploring the Universe? There are so many problems, all across planet Earth, that harm and threaten humanity. Why invest in researching the Universe?

What’s the point of exploring the Universe?

#AskEthan

With so much going on in the world and so many problems to solve, why should we be investing in exploring the Universe?

We must always remember.
bigthink.com/starts-with-...
#space #astro #physics

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Ask Ethan: Is there really a "dark side" of the Moon? One side of the Moon always faces us: the near side. The "dark side" of the Moon began as a mere metaphor, but today, science can weigh in.

Is there really a “dark side” of the Moon?

#AskEthan

The phrase "dark side of the Moon" used to refer to the Moon's unseen, away-facing side: the far side.

But there is a "dark side" after all, just not where you'd expect.

bigthink.com/starts-with-...
#space #astro #moon

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Ask Ethan: How can we better measure G, the gravitational constant? We first measured G, the gravitational constant, back in the 18th century. As the least well-known fundamental constant, can it be improved?

How can we better measure G, the gravitational constant?

#AskEthan

The universal gravitational constant, G, is one of the oldest fundamental constant of all, and yet, one of the least well-measured.

Can measuring it from space help?

bigthink.com/starts-with-...
#space #physics #astro

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Ask Ethan: Can Weber bars detect gravitational waves? We've now detected hundreds of gravitational waves with LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA. What if we tried Weber's original method in the modern day?

Can Weber bars detect gravitational waves?

#AskEthan

Starting with 2015's first gravitational wave detection, LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA have now seen hundreds of gravitational waves.

Could the original detector design, Weber bars, work today?

bigthink.com/starts-with-...
#space #astro #physics #weber

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Ask Ethan: Could evolving dark energy lead to a Big Crunch? There's some, but not overwhelming, evidence that dark energy is evolving. What would it take for a "Big Crunch" to be our cosmic fate?

Could evolving dark energy lead to a Big Crunch?

#AskEthan

It looks like dark energy *may* be evolving in our Universe, as recent DESI data suggests.

But implying that we're headed for a Big Crunch completely oversells what we know.
bigthink.com/starts-with-...
#space #astro #darkenergy

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Ask Ethan: Why couldn't the Universe have expanded forever? For 13.8 billion years, the Universe has been expanding. But that couldn't have been the case for an eternity, and science has proven it.

Could the Universe have been expanding forever?

#AskEthan

The Universe is expanding today, and looks like it will do so forever.

But was it expanding eternally into the past as well?

Most physicists think "no," and this theorem explains why.
bigthink.com/starts-with-...
#space #physics #astro

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Ask Ethan: Is the Hubble tension the same thing as dark energy? Observations with the Hubble space telescope helped cement dark energy and reveal the Hubble tension. How are these two things so different?

Is the Hubble tension the same thing as dark energy?

#AskEthan

The Hubble tension is a big cosmic puzzle.

Dark energy might be evolving, and still remains mysterious.

But these two problems aren't the same.

Here's what makes them distinct.
bigthink.com/starts-with-...
#space #astro #cosmology

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Ask Ethan: How many generations of stars came before the Sun? Our Sun only arose after 9.2 billion years of cosmic history: with many stars living and dying first. How many prior generations were there?

How many generations of stars came before the Sun?

#AskEthan

There are three stellar populations: Population I, for Sun-like stars, Population II, for metal-poor stars, and Population III, for the first stars.

Does that mean we're a 3rd generation star?
bigthink.com/starts-with-...
#space #astro

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Ask Ethan: How and when will the Universe die? As the Universe ages, it continues to gravitate, form stars, and expand. And yet, all this will someday end. Do we finally understand how?

How and when will the Universe die?

#AskEthan

Ever since the discovery of dark energy, astronomers have been secure in predicting the heat death of our Universe.

But if dark energy is changing, as DESI data suggests, are all bets off?
bigthink.com/starts-with-...
#space #cosmology #astro

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Ask Ethan: Where are we located relative to the Big Bang? If you think of the Big Bang as an explosion, we can trace it back to a single point-of-origin. But what if it happened everywhere at once?

Where are we located relative to the Big Bang?

#AskEthan

The Big Bang didn't occur at a single location in space, but rather, everywhere at once.

If we assumed it was a big ka-boom, we'd be shockingly close to its origin point.
bigthink.com/starts-with-...
#space #astro #bigbang #notanexplosion

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@ashleybvigil.bsky.social Hey I don't know if you saw, but your last email to me got me thinking so hard you just became the latest #AskEthan!

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Ask Ethan: What is the true purpose of scientific peer review? Just because a paper passes peer review doesn't mean that what's written, or what the author asserts, is true. Here's why it still matters.

What is the true purpose of scientific peer review?

#AskEthan

Passing peer review isn't "crossing the finish line" where every claim inside has now been verified to be correct.

Instead, it's "crossing the start line" by science's high standards.

bigthink.com/starts-with-...
#science #space

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Ask Ethan: Where does cosmic dust come from? Dust is ubiquitous in the modern Universe, appearing in nearly all galaxies. But our cosmos was born dust-free. So where does it originate?

Where does cosmic dust come from?

#AskEthan

Of all the things that needed to arise to enable life in our Universe, the least appreciated is cosmic dust.

At last, astronomers have pinned down the primary source of its creation.
bigthink.com/starts-with-...
#space #astro #dust #signal #noise

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Ask Ethan: Could "positive geometry" unlock the theory of everything? Since even before Einstein, physicists have sought a theory of everything to explain the Universe. Can positive geometry lead us there?

Could “positive geometry” unlock the theory of everything?

#AskEthan

Searches for a theory of everything have been challenging, to say the least.

Does positive geometry, bolstered by the discovery of the amplituhedron, offer a promising new road?

bigthink.com/starts-with-...
#physics #math

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Ask Ethan: Is dark energy no longer a cosmological constant? The Universe isn't just expanding; the expansion is accelerating. If different methods yield incompatible results, is dark energy evolving?

Is dark energy no longer a cosmological constant?

#AskEthan

With CMB, supernova, and large-scale structure data all combined, a "vanilla" ΛCDM cosmology doesn't look right anymore.

Many favor evolving dark energy, but is that the right answer?

bigthink.com/starts-with-...
#physics #astro #space

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Ask Ethan: Can "zero-point energy" power the world? Throughout history, "free energy" has been a scammer's game, such as perpetual motion. But with zero-point energy, is it actually possible?

Can “zero-point energy” power the world?

#AskEthan

The promise of "free energy" is always alluring, but usually violates the laws of physics in some way.

Could "zero-point energy" be the ultimate solution?
bigthink.com/starts-with-...
#space #energy #physics

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Ask Ethan: Did life begin when the Universe was room temperature? The Universe was born incredibly hot, and has expanded and cooled ever since. Could life have begun back when space was "room temperature?"

Did life begin when the Universe was room temperature?

#AskEthan

Here on Earth, our planet has the right temperature for liquid water, enabling life.

In the very young Universe, space was that same temperature.

Could life have existed back then?
bigthink.com/starts-with-...
#space #astro #life

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