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#CHICANOLOGY
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1929, the League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC)
It challenged #disfranchisement, segregation, white primaries, jury exclusion, & political bossism. #LULAC also addressed school and housing #segregation while working to reduce poverty & build a strong Mexican American middle class
#CHICANOLOGY ✊🏾
#LATINSKY ✌🏿✌🏻✌🏾
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La Prensa newspaper
Mexican politics, #community life & often defended Mexicans and Mexican #Americans from abuse. Sold across South #Texas & beyond, its final issue appeared January 31, 1963, just weeks before its 50th anniversary.
#CHICANOLOGY ✊🏾
#LATINSKY ✌🏾✌🏿✌🏻
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1903 Japanese & Mexican laborers unite
over 90% of the county’s beet industry #labor force had joined the #JMLA, bringing the sugar industry to a standstill. The laborers ultimately won most of their demands.
#CHICANOLOGY ✊🏾
#LATINSKY ✌🏻✌🏿✌🏾
#UNION 💪🏿💪🏻💪🏽
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SPANISH LAND GRANTS IN SOUTH TEXAS
urged action. Beginning work in #Laredo in 1850, the commission ultimately validated 234 land grants in five South Texas counties for the original #Spanish & Mexican owners.
#CHICANOLOGY ✊🏾
#LATINSKY ✌🏾✌🏻✌🏿
#RGV 🌴
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George Lippard February 9, 1854
& battle against the tyrants of the Social System, against corrupt Bankers, against Land Monopolists & against all Monied Oppressors.” The Brotherhood eventually had 40K members in 20 states.
#CHICANOLOGY ✊🏾
#LATINSKY ✌🏾✌🏻✌🏿
#UNION 💪🏿💪🏻💪🏽
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#CHICANOLOGY ✊🏾
#POETRY ✒️
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Iris Rivera 1977
description. She was fired, but the group Women Employed launched a massive protest, even teaching men "how to make coffee." Public pressure forced the state to rehire her. Her defiance became a landmark victory against gender-based #clerical servitude.
#CHICANOLOGY ✊🏾
#LATINSKY ✌🏻✌🏿✌🏾
#LAW ⚖️
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but that they were choices that narrowed citizenship, elevated fear over justice, & taught generations that democracy could arrive armed, demanding obedience rather than consent.
#CHICANOLOGY ✊🏾
#LATINSKY✌🏿✌🏻✌🏾
#ICE🖕🏾
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& immunity is not a sacrament. When authority withdraws, what remains is the record of choices made willingly. History doesn't absolve functionaries who confuse command with conscience. The public remembers precisely because forgetting is a privilege reserved for power
#CHICANOLOGY ✊🏾
#LATINSKY ✌🏻✌🏾✌🏿
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🎨 artwork
His early recordings in the 1930s and 1940s helped standardize the conjunto sound, particularly through his inventive pairing of accordion with #tololoche, which reshaped #Tejano dance music’s rhythmic depth.
#CHICANOLOGY ✊🏾
#LATINSKY ✌🏿✌🏾✌🏼
#ART🎨
#MUSIC 🎶
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not granted by papers, borders, or uniforms, but is inherent, sacred, and older than any agency.”
#CHICANOLOGY ✊🏾
#LATINSKY ✌🏿✌🏼✌🏾
#ART 🎨
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and bred these birds for various cultural purposes, initially prizing them more for their #feathers and ritual significance than for meat.
#CHICANOLOGY ✊🏾
#LATINSKY ✌🏿✌🏼✌🏾
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#health, efficiency, and the general well-being of workers.
#CHICANOLOGY ✊🏾
#UNION 💪🏻💪🏿💪🏾
#LATINSKY ✌🏿✌🏾✌🏼
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Carmen Marroquín stands by her pink cashbox from La Villita Dance Hall. She and husband Armando Marroquín opened the legendary conjunto/Tejano music venue in Alice, Texas, in 1952. Texas Music Museum.
![The duet of Carmen y Laura (sisters Carmen Hernández Marroquín [left] and Laura Hernández Cantú [right] of Alice, Texas) had a successful recording and touring career that brought prominence to Ideal Records. Carmen Marroquín Collection.](https://cdn.bsky.app/img/feed_thumbnail/plain/did:plc:ak6y4dl47ozx367p6ic2duc2/bafkreigpadmh5rkfnfghtkklqvbxdxxnvmraodubyfkglsrrm2qvfmlibm)
The duet of Carmen y Laura (sisters Carmen Hernández Marroquín [left] and Laura Hernández Cantú [right] of Alice, Texas) had a successful recording and touring career that brought prominence to Ideal Records. Carmen Marroquín Collection.
The #Smithsonian Folkways Museum also honored Marroquín for her contributions to the duet of Carmen y Laura. #Texas Governor signed House Bill 1019, which designated the city of #Alice as the “official birthplace” of the Tejano musical tradition.
#CHICANOLOGY ✊🏾
#TEJANOMUSIC🪗🎷
#LATINSKY ✌🏾✌🏿✊🏾
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Never as partners in freedom. That is not an accident of "America" history, but its design.
#CHICANOLOGY ✊🏾👊🏾✌🏾
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Double Trouble made him a profound influence on countless #musicians. He played with exceptionally heavy-gauge strings & tuned down a half-step. The strings were so thick that he would tear his calluses, requiring him to sometimes use superglue to fix his bleeding fingertips.
#CHICANOLOGY ✊🏾
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MOTHER JONES SEPTIEMBRE 30, 1899
Their scab drivers & returned daily to keep watch. The #miners eventually won their strike.
#CHICANOLOGY ✊🏾
#LATINSKY✌🏿✌🏾✌🏼
#UNION 💪🏻💪🏿💪🏽
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Among others. It was the longest and largest #lockout in the history of the union.
#CHICANOLOGY ✊🏾
#UNION 💪🏻💪🏿💪🏽
#LATINSKY ✌🏼✌🏾✌🏿
#BLUESKY🦋
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Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla
In #Texas, Diez y Seis de Septiembre has been celebrated in #SanAntonio for more than 167 years and in Goliad for 160 years.
#CHICANOLOGY ✊🏾
#LATINSKY✌🏿✌🏾✌🏼
#BLUESKY🦋
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THE DUKE OF DUVAL COUNTY ANTHONY R. CARROZZA 📚
Established himself as the political boss of Duval County. The key to his success was the #Latino #vote, which he controlled through a combination of paternalism, #corruption, and #coercion.
#CHICANOLOGY ✊🏾
#SKYSTORIANS 📚
#bluesky🦋
#book 📖
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Coke R. Stevenson Lawyer and former Governor of Texas
and preserved political dominance by the notorious #Parr family manipulated local politics in South Texas, and lost in a famous contested race to #LBJ Lyndon Johnson
@joaquincastrotx.bsky.social @repjasmine.bsky.social
#CHICANOLOGY ✊🏾
#skystorians📚
#justice ⚖️
#bluesky 🦋
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Walter Mignolo ("Latin” is a name imposed) “There is no such thing as a Latin race. It is a geopolitical fiction created to justify imperial power.”
#CHICANOLOGY ✊🏾
#Chicanx #Chicana #Chicano
#SKYSTORIANS📚
#BLUESKY 🦋
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RUBEN SALAZAR👊🏾
"A CHICANO IS A MEXICAN-AMERICAN WITH A NON-ANGLO IMAGE OF HIMSELF"
#CHICANOLOGY ✊🏾
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Father Miguel Hidalgo
In the Mexican War of Independence, which began with his "Grito de Dolores" in September 1810.
#CHICANOLOGY ✊🏾
#skystorians 📚
#bluesky 🦋
#Resist 👊🏾
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MARCH OF JUSTICE FOR SANTOS RODRÍGUEZ ⚖️
But the protest march turned into a riot in which widespread damage occurred, thirty-eight arrests were made, and five policemen were injured. Cain's brief sentence, only five years. @tlakatekatl.bsky.social
#CHICANOLOGY ✊🏾
#skystorians 📚
#JUSTICE ⚖️
#bluesky 🦋
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As our ancestors often warned us, when truth and inquiry are undermined, the result is passive, obedient citizens not informed participants in democracy.
As my jefito would say "ES LA PURA NETA👊🏾✊🏾
#CHICANOLOGY
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Newspaper clip
Back-to-work injunction under the provisions of the Taft-Hartley Act, which the #SCOTUS upheld.
#CHICANOLOGY ✊🏾
#UNION 💪🏻💪🏽💪🏿
#SKYSTORIANS 📚
#bluesky 🦋
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#OTD June 27th 1905 The Industrial Workers of the World, also known as the #Wobblies,” is founded at a 12-day convention in #Chicago. The Wobbly motto: “An injury to one is an injury to all.”
#CHICANOLOGY ✊🏽
#UNION 💪🏻💪🏽💪🏿
#skystorians 🗃️
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