The figure shows the key features of human cerebellar patterning and gene expression. Panel A: The midbrain –hindbrain boundary is set at ∼4-5 post-conception weeks. The isthmic organizer secretes the morphogens to set the boundary. Panel B: around 10 weeks post conception, two progenitor pools are specified, including the ventricular zone, which generates all inhibitory neurons and glial cells, and the rhombic lip, which generates all excitatory neurons. The external granule layer is a second germinal zone producing the abundant excitatory granule neurons of the cerebellum. Panel C: at later stages in development, the cerebellum becomes highly foliated and adopts its characteristic three-layer structure. Panel D: major cell types of the mature cerebellum include Purkinje cells, granule cells, unipolar brush cells, GABAergic interneurons and cerebellar nuclei.
Esther Becker, Simone Mayer and @lenakutscher.bsky.social teamed up to summarise current approaches for generating #cerebellar #organoids and advocate for the establishment of rigorous quality control standards to ensure reproducible, high-quality research.
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