1. RHINOREX CONDRUPUS
2. NIPPONSAURUS SACHALINENSIS
3. PROTOHADROS BYRDI

imgur.com/gallery/hadr...

#art #paleoart #dinosaurs #prehistory #paleontology #hadrosaurs

Neonatal state and degree of necessity for parental care in Maiasaura based on inferred neonatal metabolic rates. Bert, H., et al. (2025). doi: doi.org/10.1038/s415... #maiasaura #peeblesorum #hadrosaurs #dinosaureggs #Hypacrosaurus

A reassessment of the historical fossil findings from Bahia State (Northeast Brazil) reveals a diversified dinosaur fauna in the Lower Cretaceous of South America
Bandeira, K.L.N. et al. (2024). doi: 10.1080/08912963.2024.2318406 #tietasaura #derrbyiana #dinosaurs #hadrosaurs

ORNITHOPODA #ornithopoda #paleoart #magnapaulia #shantungosaurus #tsintaosaurus #dinosaurs #hadrosaurs #parasaurolophus

Anatotitan: Prehistoric Animal of the Week Today we are checking out one of the largest and most well studied of the duck-billed dinosaurs. Enter _Edmontosaurus_! --- _Edmontosaurus annectens_ in watercolors by Christopher DiPiazza. _Edmontosaurus_ was a hadrosaur ("duck-billed") dinosaur that could grow to at least 39 feet (12 meters) long from beak to tail that lived during the late Cretaceous period in what is now western North America. There are currently two recognized species within the genus, _Edmontosaurus regalis_ and E _dmontosaurus annectens_. _E. regalis_ lived between 73 and 70 million years ago in what is now Alaska, Colorado, and Alberta, and had a more robust snout. _Edmontosaurus annectens_ lived between 68 and 66 million years ago in what is now Montana, South Dakota, and Wyoming, and had a longer, lower snout. The genus name translates to "Edmonton Reptile/Lizard" in reference to Edmonton, Alberta, where the first specimen was found. _Edmontosaurus_ also includes the dinosaurs that used to be called _Anatosaurus_ and _Anatotitan_ , which were initially thought to be distinct taxa. (Part of me wishes _Anatotitan_ , which translates to "Duck Titan" was still valid because the name "duck titan" brings me joy.) --- Skeletons on display at the American Museum of Natural History in New York City. Before we go further, describing this dinosaur, I think it's important to mention that one thing that makes _Edmontosaurus_ particularly special, is the fact that we know an incredible amount about it compared to other dinosaurs. This is because in addition to skeletons, we have not one, but SEVERAL mummified specimens that have been unearthed over the years. Thanks to this we know more about _Edmontosaurus_ ' life appearance than almost any other prehistoric dinosaur. So as you read the rest of this post if you notice I am able to describe _Edmontosaurus_ in much more detail than normal, this is why. --- Image from Sereno's recent paper (referenced below) showcasing the fleshy sail and lizard-like spines down the midline of a recently described _Edmontosaurus_ mummy. Out of all the hadrosaurs, which are characterized by having wide, flat bills in the front of their mouths, _Edmontosaurus annectens_ had arguably the "duckiest" bill, which was particularly wide and almost squared off to a degree. Initially hadrosaurs were believed to have been semi-aquatic, behaving like the ducks, swimming in fresh water and eating water plants. Since then, we have found out that he bill of a hadrosaur, including _Edmontosaurus_ , wasn't really similar to a duck's at all. Thanks to a mummified specimen of _Edmontosaurus_ which preserved the keratin that was growing over the skull in life, we know that the flat duck-like beak was only the shape of the skull and the whole beak would have been bigger and more downturned in life. This appears to be more of an adaptation for clipping tough plant material, including pine needles and twigs which would the be processed in the back of the jaws by literally hundreds of small teeth that were arranged tightly together in units called _dental batteries_. These dental batteries were the dinosaur's way to grind food like some mammals do today with molars. Like all reptiles, if a tooth became too worn down, it would fall out and be replaced with a fresh tooth. Because of this hadrosaur teeth are among some of the most common fossils in locations where they lived. --- _Edmontosaurus_ specimen on display at the American Museum of Natural History in New York. This individual preserved soft tissue, including some of the beak's keratin. --- Dental battery on the lower jaw of _Edmontosaurus_. There is a mummified specimen of _Edmontosaurus_ _regalis_ which preserved the skin around the neck, which appears to have had a wide, wrinkled texture. This same specimen also shows the animal had a fleshy crest, like a chicken's wattle, on its head. We don't know if all members of the species had this feature or if it was just in one sex, nor do we know if it was present in _Edmontosaurus annectens_. That being said there are also mummies of _Edmontosaurus annectens_ which show us a lot about its scaly skin, including a fleshy sail-like crest that ran from the back of its neck down to the base of its tail, at which point it had a single row of triangular spines running down the midline of the tail, similar spines in some modern lizards, takes over. _Another Edmontosaurus annectens_ mummy, which preserved the skin on the tail, shows the mosaic-like scales are arranged in banding patterns, which may imply the dinosaur had colored stripes on its tail in life. --- Photograph and graphic showing the skin texture and fleshy crest of _Edmontosaurus regalis_. Like all hadrosaurs, _Edmontosaurus_ would had robust hind legs with three toes on each foot and slender, yet strong front limbs. It likely would have been able to walk on all fours or on its hind legs depending on what its needs were. Each hand had five fingers, but the middle three were fused together and ended in one large hoof-like claw. The first finger also had a claw and jutted out to the side while the fifth also jutted out on the other end but had no claw. When the animal was on all fours the middle three digits that formed the hoof would support most of the weight. The same mummy that showed the back crest mentioned earlier also preserved the feet, showing _Edmontosaurus'_ nails were also extremely hoof-like and its toes were heavily padded. --- Photograph of the mummified hand of _Edmontosaurus annectens_. Note the large hoof that encompasses the middle three fingers. You an also see the fine scaly skin and folds on the wrists. From paper by Drumheller et al. referenced below. _Edmontosaurus_ possessed an extremely muscular tail that was also reinforced with boney tendons running along its spine, causing the tail to be stiff and easier to hold off the ground in life. The huge tail would have acted as a counterbalance to the dinosaur's torso as it walked or ran on its hind legs. The tail could also have been an extremely effective weapon against potential predators or even members of its own species. This is important to note, since I feel far too often hadrosaurs are depicted as fodder for meat-eating dinosaurs simply because they didn't have obvious weapons like horns, clubs, or spikes. In reality they likely were probably more than capable of defending themselves and a healthy adult _Edmontosaurus_ would have been a challenging target for even the hungriest tyrannosaur. --- _Nanuqsaurus_ eyes a family of _Edmontosaurus regalis_. The adult _Edmontosaurus_ would have been too large and dangerous for the tyrannosaur to attempt to hunt. That's all for this week. As always feel free to comment below! _References_ Campione, N.E.; Evans, D.C. (2011). "Cranial Growth and Variation in Edmontosaurs (Dinosauria: Hadrosauridae): Implications for Latest Cretaceous Megaherbivore Diversity in North America". _PLOS ONE_. **6** (9) e25186. Bell, P. R.; Fanti, F.; Currie, P. J.; Arbour, V.M. (2013). "A Mummified Duck-Billed Dinosaur with a Soft-Tissue Cock's Comb". _Current Biology_. **24** (1): 70–75. Brett-Surman, Michael K. (1979). "Phylogeny and paleobiogeography of hadrosaurian dinosaurs". Nature 277 (5697): 560–562 Campione, Nicolás E.; and Evans, David C. (2011). "Cranial growth and variation in Edmontosaurs (Dinosauria: Hadrosauridae): implications for latest Cretaceous megaherbivore diversity in North America". PLoS ONE 6 (9): e25186. Drumheller SK, Boyd CA, Barnes BMS, Householder ML (2022) Biostratinomic alterations of an _Edmontosaurus_ “mummy” reveal a pathway for soft tissue preservation without invoking “exceptional conditions”. PLoS ONE 17(10): e0275240. Lambe, Lawrence M. (1917). "A new genus and species of crestless hadrosaur from the Edmonton Formation of Alberta" (pdf (entire volume, 18 mb)). The Ottawa Naturalist 31 (7): 65–73. Retrieved 2009-03-08. Lambe, Lawrence M. (1920). "The hadrosaur Edmontosaurus from the Upper Cretaceous of Alberta". Department of Mines, Geological Survey Memoirs 120: 1–79. Manning, Phillip L.; Morris, Peter M.; McMahon, Adam; Jones, Emrys; Gize, Andy; Macquaker, Joe H. S.; Wolff, G.; Thompson, Anu; Marshall, Jim; Taylor, Kevin G.; Lyson, Tyler; Gaskell, Simon; Reamtong, Onrapak; Sellers, William I.; van Dongen, Bart E.; Buckley, Mike; Wogelius, Roy A. (2009). "Mineralized soft-tissue structure and chemistry in a mummified hadrosaur from the Hell Creek Formation, North Dakota (USA)". _Proceedings of the Royal Society B_. **276** (1672): 3429–3437. Morris, William J. (1970). "Hadrosaurian dinosaur bills — morphology and function". _Contributions in Science (Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History)_. **193** : 1–14. Ostrom, John H. (1964). "A reconsideration of the paleoecology of the hadrosaurian dinosaurs". American Journal of Science 262 (8): 975–997 Sereno, Paul. (2025) Duck-billed dinosaur fleshy midline and hooves reveal terrestrial clay-template "mummification". Science 0

Christopher DiPiazza has a beautiful watercolor of two Edmontosaurus up at his blog:
prehistoricbeastoftheweek.blogspot.com/2013/08/anatotitan-prehi...

#dinosaurs
#hadrosaurs
#Edmontosaurus
#paleoArt
#art

#DinoVember #DinoVember2025 Day 21 - Maiasaura Peeblesorum

#SciArt #PaleoArt #Maiasaura #Dinosaurs #Hadrosaurs #Extinct #Cretaceous #PrehistoricPlanet #DinosaurArt #ArtYear #ArtShare #BskyArt #Art

Episode 54: The dinosaur mysteries Dinosaur mating? Two new tyrannosaurs? We discuss a couple of groundbreaking papers followed by a trip to Wellington Caves, the site of some of Australia’s earliest and greatest palaeontological discoveries. More info: Join us in Adelaide for Fossils and Fiction live on November 29! https://www.eventbrite.com.au/e/1964100016020?aff=oddtdtcreator Visit Wellington Caves https://www.wellingtoncaves.com.au/ Bertozzo, F., Tanke, D. H., Conti, […]

#DinoVember #DinoVember2025 Day 8 - Corythosaurus Casuarius 🪖⛑️

#SciArt #PaleoArt #Corythosaurus #Dinosaurs #Hadrosaurs #Cretaceous #PrehistoricPlanet #Extinct #DinosaurArt #ArtYear #ArtShare #BSkyArt #Art

#FossilFriday #DinoVember #DinoVember2025 Day 7 - Lambeosaurus Lambei

#SciArt #PaleoArt #Lambeosaurus #Hadrosaurs #Cretaceous #Extinct #Dinosaurs #PrehistoricPlanet #DinosaurArt #ArtYear #ArtShare #BskyArt #Art

#Dinovember #DinoVember2025 Day 6 - Parasaurolophus Walkeri

#SciArt #PaleoArt #Parasaurolophus #Dinosaurs #Hadrosaurs #Cretaceous #PrehistoricPlanet #Extinct #DinosaurArt #ArtYear #BskyArt #Art

Speculative reconstruction of the dinosaur Corythosaurus with a fleshy trunk extending from its bony headcrest, used as a snorkel while the animal is submerged in water.

A teaser for a blogpost I am working on. Between the 1930s and 50s, German paleontologist Martin Wilfarth proposed that the headcrests on #hadrosaurs were actually attachment-points for snorkel-trunks. This was part of his wider ides that all #dinosaurs were tidal animals.

I did this #digital for #artfight, none of these are my designs. #apatosaurs #Stegosaurus #parasaurolophus are my top 3 favorite #dinosaurs #dinosaur #dino #Sauropods #stegosaurids #Hadrosaurs #dinos my username on artfight is #Hukysuky

It might stay a mystery forever 🐎

#art #dinosaus #hadrosaurs

The large lambeosaurine hadrosaur Lambeosaurus lambei, depicting hypothetical deflated (left) and inflated (right) aerostatic expansive external pneumatic tissues (balloon faces). These structures are always paired and parasagittal.

Generalized lambeosaurine hadrosaur skull in profile. Figures depict a strong midline ridge of solid bone with sculpted fossa on either side, and a small aperture, or fontanelle, between the nasal and premaxilla portions of the cranial crest, which may reflect an external aperture for the internal pneumatic cranial sinuses.

The hypothetical lambeosaurine hadrosaurid skull in profile shows the expansion and transformation of the cranial crest from a Lambeosaurus-like forward position to a Tsintaosaurus-like posterior position. The fontanelle is present in most, if not all, depicted lambeosaurines. Below, a Lambeosaurus skull in three-quarters anterolateral view, showing the skull as it is normally on the left, then overlapped with the internal nasal passage in the middle in light blue; followed by the same with the external extension of the nasal passage into an aerostatic expansive external pneumatic tissue that overlies the crest, bounded by various fossae on the surface.

Head and skull of the saurolophine hadrosaurid dinosaur Maiasaura peeblesorum, showing the aertostatic expansive external pneumatic tissue that arises direction from the anterior end of the nasal passage through the large nostrils, filling the circumnarial fossa, which extends posteriorly on the face to be limited by the bony upward projecting crest. In saurolophines like Brachylophosaurus and Saurolophus, this crest expands posteriorly and forms a long bar, but the ridge and its fossa remain present. These bony rods supported some form of external display tissue, and it's likely that was pneumatic in nature.

Aerostatic expansive external pneumatic tissues in hadrosaurs (and some other #dinosaurs) are not a novel theory of today's paleoartists. It goes back almost 50 years to the late 70s-early 80s. However, it was exclusive to hadrosaurine/saurolophine #hadrosaurs.
#Lambeosaurus #Maiasaura #SciArt

some doodling on stream! Thanks to everyone who joined, I'll be doing this more often and I'll be taking requests as I do c: #digitalart #digitalpainting #lambeosaurus #hadrosaurs #artstream

My 25 years of palaeoart chronology...

A 2023 illustration of #Maiasaura & her hatchlings, from DINOSAUR BEHAVIOUR, by Prof Benton (‪@princetonupress.bsky.social). 50% off here: press.princeton.edu/books/hardco...

#SciArt #PaleoArt #Dinosaurs #Hadrosaurs #FossilFriday #JurassicWorld #WildlifeArt

Something that I don't think is discussed enough in #paleontology circles is just how much parental investment is seen in #hadrosaurs. Cause, like, they're doing quite a lot of work compared to what is typical of all other #archosaurs.

#Dinosaurs #Maiasaura

Saurolophus angustirostris

#paleoart #sciart #dinosaurs #saurolophus #hadrosaurs

Some COD men as Dinos!! #giganotosaurus #dilophosaurus #parasauropholus #lambeosaurus #therapod #hadrosaurs #orithiscians #dinosaurs #paleoart #cod #ghost #soap #art

Speculative illustration of a Parasaurolophus walking in front of an industrial landscape with smoke-blasting chimneys and cooling towers of nuclear power plants.

One of the (sadly few) original illustrations from the book, speculating that #hadrosaurs evolved their headcrests to breathe through industrial smog (cont.)

#paleoart

FANTASTIC. ♥️ #hadrosaurs

Do we actually know what sort of soft tissue would be over the crests of Dinosaurs like Lambeosaurus and Parasaurolophus? Is there any actual evidence that it was keratin instead of like skin or scales?

#Hadrosaurs #Dinosaurs #Paleontology

Parasaur

#paleoart #dinosaurs #parasaurolophus #hadrosaurs #jurassicworld #jurassicpark

I'm not saying that hadrosaurs were the pinnacle of dinosaur evolution...but the facts are.
#paleosky #dinosaur #paleontology #hadrosaurs