TWINWIN experiment design: (a) Three control (bare fallow, barley + herbivide, barley monoculture) and four undersowing treatments (diversity levels 1, 2, 4, and 8). (b) The eight undersown species /Trifolium hybridum, T. repens, T. pratense, Medicago sativa, Lolium multiflorum, Phleum pratense, Festuca arundinacea and Cichorium intybus) vary in rooting depth and N-fixation
capacity, leading to four different ‘functional types’. (c) The undersown communities vary in richness and functional diversity (number of functional types of undersowns in a plot). (d) The 60 plots are arranged in four blocks.
Figure 2 from Cappelli, Seraina Lisa; Domeignoz Horta, Luiz Alberto; Gerin, Stephanie; Heinonsalo, Jussi; Lohila, Annalea; Raveala, Krista et al. (2024): Potential of undersown species identity versus diversity to manage disease in crops. In Funct Ecol 38 (7), pp. 1497–1509. DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14592.
#TWINWIN experiment is an agricultural biodiversity experiment, where the agricultural crop is undersown with cover crop species mixtures of varying species richness and functional composition to test if results from ecological biodiversity experiments can be applied to agricultural practices. 2/6