Host–Pathogen Interaction Activated Biosynthesis of Natural Products The way immune cells attack pathogenic microorganisms might trigger pathogens to produce compounds that promote their survival. Based on this idea, we constructed a coculture system of pathogenic fungi and immune cells and isolated fumigatinolactone (1) as a new natural product by coculture of Aspergillus fumigatus IFM 60237 with RAW264 mouse macrophage-like cells. Fumigatinolactone (1) was produced via a nonenzymatic coupling reaction between fumigatin (4) and a new type of intermediate fumarylazlactone (5). An investigation of the interaction mechanism between the fungi and cells revealed that the survival interaction between pathogen and immune cells played key roles. Surprisingly, fungi showed a response to nitric oxide (NO), which was produced by macrophages, resulting in the production of 4. In addition, an iron starvation condition triggered the production of 5. Finally, 1 was obtained by these two mechanisms. Furthermore, compounds 1–4, particularly 4, showed inhibition of NO production from RAW264, which might be a defense action for macrophage by fungi. This is the first example of elucidation of interaction mechanisms between pathogen and immune cells for activation of silent genes to produce a new compound. These findings suggest that host–pathogen survival interaction may increase the production of secondary metabolites from fungi.

Here is a new article about #CoCulture between fungal and mouse cells: "Host–Pathogen Interaction Activated Biosynthesis of Natural Products" pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/...

Co-culture of Cajanus cajan (Linn.) Millsp. cell suspension cultures with an endophytic fungus for the enhanced production of pharmacologically active cajaninstilbene acid - Plant Cell, Tissue and Org... Cajaninstilbene acid (CSA), a natural stilbene in Cajanus cajan (Linn.) Millsp., is highly appreciated for its remarkable bioactivities. This study aimed to enhance the CSA yield in C. cajan cell susp...

Here is new acticle about #CoCulture between plant cells and a fungus: "Co-culture of Cajanus cajan (Linn.) Millsp. cell suspension cultures with an endophytic fungus for the enhanced production of pharmacologically active cajaninstilbene acid" link.springer.com/article/10.1...

Loud and Proud! Cool Kids Wear Merch! The character is sporting an awesome long sleeve from this band: shop.horrorpaingoredeath.com/products/coc... Consider preordering a CD? #metal #merch #band #album #coolkidswearmerch #coculture #muncie #indiana

GET OUT: Cultural and entertainment events sprouting metrowide - Sentinel Colorado "The Tragedy of Medusa" at The People’s Building reimagines the myth with themes of queerness and power.

“The Tragedy of Medusa” at The People’s Building reimagines the myth with themes of queerness and power.

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#COarts #AuroraCO #COculture #NoPaywall

GET OUT: Cultural and entertainment events sprouting metrowide - Sentinel Colorado "The Tragedy of Medusa" at The People’s Building reimagines the myth with themes of queerness and power.

“The Tragedy of Medusa” at The People’s Building reimagines the myth with themes of queerness and power.

buff.ly/3Qv7Tx2

#COarts #AuroraCO #COculture #NoPaywall

Our new #organoid #organchip #coculture review. Congrats @kamilmoskal.bsky.social, Yeseul Lee, Luisa Siegert, Nimisha Khurana from @emil-dkfz.bsky.social @dkfz.bsky.social!
Cool experience connecting the dots between in organotypic models and microbiome with @hansclevers.bsky.social and Eran Elinav