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I'm far shakier on the #gramadach, but it has been pointed out here that #spéirgorm actually means sky blue, and Bluesky should really be #GormSpéir.

Are you already following the feed that aggregates posts using several variants including #speirgorm?

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Posting to #Spéirghorm has me self doubt if there's a séimhiú or not on the G. Even if I know better

#Gramadach

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An bhfuil eolas ag éinne agaibh i dtaobh bhunús an struchtúir ina bhfuil ainsíoch bealaí mar dobhriathar? Rud mar ‘bhí sé ag dul _an bóthar_’ gan an ginideach i ndiaidh ainme briathartha. An raibh a leithéid de rud sa Ghaelainn Chlasaiceach nó roimis sin?

#Gaeilge #Gaelainn #Gaoidhealg #Gramadach

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The reason fáth, caoi take indirect clause is: they are nouns that do not work as adverbs. This indirect clause hides the historical presence of a preposition.

While you can say: sin í an chaoi a raibh sé, an fáth a raibh raibh sé ann, you cannot say *bhí sé an chaoi sin, *bhí sé ann an fáth sin. Caoi, fáth aren’t adverbs. You have to say sth like ‘sa chaoi sin’. Nua-Chorpas has some native examples of ‘an chaoi ina’ too.

It’s a hidden prepositional rel. clause. Same with fáth in historical data, DIL:

• in fath ar nách and roadnacht Cormac, the reason (on which) C. was not buried there
• in fáth forar crochad Ísu, the reason (on which) Jesus was hanged
• ga fáth 'ma ra molais in fer sain? why (what r. about which) did you praise that man?

FGB gives an fáth um a ndearna é for ‘the reason why he did it’.

True adverbials take direct rel. clause – no indirection/overt pronoun referring back to the antecedent:

• conas atá tú?
• nuair a bhí mé ann
• ar an mbord atá sé
• sin mar a bhí sé
• an bhliain/lá a bhí mé / a raibh mé

Note that you can substitute the antecedent into the clause: bhí mé ann lá…,  tá sé ar an mbord.

& note an bhliain a raibh mé & that Connacht dialects use indirect more often with time clauses. Here, you can say either bhí mé ann an bhliain sin and sa bhliain sin.

True adverbials take direct relative clause in Irish, and indirect relative clauses are used for nouns (of manner, reason, place, time) which do not work adverbially on their own.

The reason fáth, caoi take indirect clause is: they are nouns that do not work as adverbs. This indirect clause hides the historical presence of a preposition. While you can say: sin í an chaoi a raibh sé, an fáth a raibh raibh sé ann, you cannot say *bhí sé an chaoi sin, *bhí sé ann an fáth sin. Caoi, fáth aren’t adverbs. You have to say sth like ‘sa chaoi sin’. Nua-Chorpas has some native examples of ‘an chaoi ina’ too. It’s a hidden prepositional rel. clause. Same with fáth in historical data, DIL: • in fath ar nách and roadnacht Cormac, the reason (on which) C. was not buried there • in fáth forar crochad Ísu, the reason (on which) Jesus was hanged • ga fáth 'ma ra molais in fer sain? why (what r. about which) did you praise that man? FGB gives an fáth um a ndearna é for ‘the reason why he did it’. True adverbials take direct rel. clause – no indirection/overt pronoun referring back to the antecedent: • conas atá tú? • nuair a bhí mé ann • ar an mbord atá sé • sin mar a bhí sé • an bhliain/lá a bhí mé / a raibh mé Note that you can substitute the antecedent into the clause: bhí mé ann lá…, tá sé ar an mbord. & note an bhliain a raibh mé & that Connacht dialects use indirect more often with time clauses. Here, you can say either bhí mé ann an bhliain sin and sa bhliain sin. True adverbials take direct relative clause in Irish, and indirect relative clauses are used for nouns (of manner, reason, place, time) which do not work adverbially on their own.

My explanation of the use of (in)direct relative clauses with adverbials in #Irish #grammar.

Written on a forum that I _don’t_ want to advertise due to one active toxic user making it not be a safe space. But IMO the explanation is worth sharing.

#Gaeilge #Gaelainn #gramadach

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I’ve seen this mistake made in several other teaching materials (both for modern and historical Irish), and see it frequently online. Hence this thread, in hope to maybe make a few more people aware of it and interested in it. :)

Críoch.

#Gaeilge #Gramadach #ClassicalGaelic #Gaoidhealg

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Kuninao Nashimoto, “On the Historical Syntax of the Copula in Irish”, p. 193:

This is probably a later development after CpPS construction is established in Old Irish. But a copula without a proleptic pronoun may appear occasionally in a placename lore as in:

(6) 3c 3a ‘⁊ bid / Áth nGabla / a ainm co bráth din gabuil se ifec[h]tsa,’ ar Fergus, … (TBC0601)
Trans. ‘and Áth nGabla shall be its name forever now from this forked pole.’

(7) 3c 3g Conid / Slechta / comainm ind inaid sin béus airm i táat Partraigi Beca ra Cenannas na Ríg … (TBC0514)
Trans. so that Slechta is still the name of that spot where is Partraige Beca south-west of Cenannas na Ríg …

Examples such as (6) and (7), however, can be interpreted as classificatory sentences as AA has suggested to me. The proper names in these cases mean ‘a place bearing the name Áth nGabla or Slechta’ rather than ‘the only one place called Áth nGabla or Slechtna’. See Ó Nualláin (1911, 35-39) for further discussion of the interpretation of proper names.

Kuninao Nashimoto, “On the Historical Syntax of the Copula in Irish”, p. 193: This is probably a later development after CpPS construction is established in Old Irish. But a copula without a proleptic pronoun may appear occasionally in a placename lore as in: (6) 3c 3a ‘⁊ bid / Áth nGabla / a ainm co bráth din gabuil se ifec[h]tsa,’ ar Fergus, … (TBC0601) Trans. ‘and Áth nGabla shall be its name forever now from this forked pole.’ (7) 3c 3g Conid / Slechta / comainm ind inaid sin béus airm i táat Partraigi Beca ra Cenannas na Ríg … (TBC0514) Trans. so that Slechta is still the name of that spot where is Partraige Beca south-west of Cenannas na Ríg … Examples such as (6) and (7), however, can be interpreted as classificatory sentences as AA has suggested to me. The proper names in these cases mean ‘a place bearing the name Áth nGabla or Slechta’ rather than ‘the only one place called Áth nGabla or Slechtna’. See Ó Nualláin (1911, 35-39) for further discussion of the interpretation of proper names.

Kuninao Nashimoto on the copula, p. 206:

Firstly, in Old and Middle Irish, while the insertion of post-copular pronoun in CpSP is obligatory, it is optional in CpPS (See 5.1.2). Even as late as Early Modern and Keating’s Modern Irish, a proper noun without a post-copular pronoun appears, though its appearance seems to be limited to proper names in a place-lore context as in:

(1) 3c 3gd ⁊ deisidh Pátraic ’na suidhe, conadh / Suidi Pádraic / ainm an inaid sin a Cenn Abhrat Sléibi Cáin, … (AS0906)
Trans. and Patrick sat him down; whence also suidhe Pátraic or ‘Patrick’s seat’ is the name of that place in cenn Febhrat of Slieveriach.

(2) 3c 9a gurab / Bóthar na Mias ghairthear dona chúig mhílibh do shlighe (SC20.40)
Trans. that the Road of the Dishes is the name given to the five miles’ path

Kuninao Nashimoto on the copula, p. 206: Firstly, in Old and Middle Irish, while the insertion of post-copular pronoun in CpSP is obligatory, it is optional in CpPS (See 5.1.2). Even as late as Early Modern and Keating’s Modern Irish, a proper noun without a post-copular pronoun appears, though its appearance seems to be limited to proper names in a place-lore context as in: (1) 3c 3gd ⁊ deisidh Pátraic ’na suidhe, conadh / Suidi Pádraic / ainm an inaid sin a Cenn Abhrat Sléibi Cáin, … (AS0906) Trans. and Patrick sat him down; whence also suidhe Pátraic or ‘Patrick’s seat’ is the name of that place in cenn Febhrat of Slieveriach. (2) 3c 9a gurab / Bóthar na Mias ghairthear dona chúig mhílibh do shlighe (SC20.40) Trans. that the Road of the Dishes is the name given to the five miles’ path

It’s in the language at lest since Middle Ir. period. In his dissertation on the historical syntax of the copula Kuninao Nashimoto mentioned it for Middle and Early Mod. Irish.

But he makes it sound like it’s limited to placename lore and not productive since EMI.

#Gaeilge #Gaelainn #gramadach

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Image of the section “Personal names – identification versus classification” from the “Guide to Irish to be” linked in the post.

Image of the section “Personal names – identification versus classification” from the “Guide to Irish to be” linked in the post.

My Guide to Irish to be also has a section (I hope clearly and correctly) explaining the rule: www.celtic-languages.org/Guide_to_Irish_to_be

#Gaeilge #gramadach #Irish

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Graiméar Gaeilge na mBráithre Críostaí saying:

Má úsáidtar an t-ainm dílis éiginnte mar fhaisnéis, ní mór abairt aicme a úsáid: Tomás is ea é mar Tomás is ea a athair; Micheál ba ea an triúr acu; is Oisín in ndiaidh na Féinne é; is Seán is ainm dom; ní aon Tadhg an dá thaobh mise; [is] Éire ainm na tíre seo; Caisleán Nua is ea an baile sin fosta.

English:

If the indefinite proper name is used as a predicate, clause of classification needs to be used: Tomás is ea mar Tomás is ea a athair (…)

Graiméar Gaeilge na mBráithre Críostaí saying: Má úsáidtar an t-ainm dílis éiginnte mar fhaisnéis, ní mór abairt aicme a úsáid: Tomás is ea é mar Tomás is ea a athair; Micheál ba ea an triúr acu; is Oisín in ndiaidh na Féinne é; is Seán is ainm dom; ní aon Tadhg an dá thaobh mise; [is] Éire ainm na tíre seo; Caisleán Nua is ea an baile sin fosta. English: If the indefinite proper name is used as a predicate, clause of classification needs to be used: Tomás is ea mar Tomás is ea a athair (…)

Gnás na Gaeidhilge, p. 147, §168 saying:

Dála an sgéil, ní foláir cuimhneamh air seo agus aireachas maith a thabhairt dó: gur ainm éigcinnte gach ainm pearsan agus ainm áite agus ainm ruda, péaca tá fhuirm an ainme chinnte air nó ná fuil, nuair ná fuil ann ach ach ainm nó teideal agus nach comhartha áirithe chun duine nó áite nó ruda fé leith d’aithint thar a cheile.

Mar seo, féach:

“Is tusa Símón mac Ióna,” ar seisean, “Ní Símón a tabharfar ort ’n-a dhiaidh so mar ainm ach Céphas.” CMD. i. 105

Gnás na Gaeidhilge, p. 147, §168 saying: Dála an sgéil, ní foláir cuimhneamh air seo agus aireachas maith a thabhairt dó: gur ainm éigcinnte gach ainm pearsan agus ainm áite agus ainm ruda, péaca tá fhuirm an ainme chinnte air nó ná fuil, nuair ná fuil ann ach ach ainm nó teideal agus nach comhartha áirithe chun duine nó áite nó ruda fé leith d’aithint thar a cheile. Mar seo, féach: “Is tusa Símón mac Ióna,” ar seisean, “Ní Símón a tabharfar ort ’n-a dhiaidh so mar ainm ach Céphas.” CMD. i. 105

Continuation from Gnás, p. 148:

Is Tadhg-an-dá-thaobh é.

“Chím asta so,” arsa Sitric, “gur Lonán is ainim duit.”

“Iseadh, a rígh,” ar seisean, “Lonán m’ainim.” N. 202.

Bíodh ’fhios agat nach Séimidh Phádruig Dhuibh d’ainm níos fuide. CO. 4.

Ní Iacob a bheidh mar ainm ort feast ach Israél. BN. i. 72.

Nár inis sé dhuit gur Chéile Dé é? S. 102.

Feic §§198, 248.

Continuation from Gnás, p. 148: Is Tadhg-an-dá-thaobh é. “Chím asta so,” arsa Sitric, “gur Lonán is ainim duit.” “Iseadh, a rígh,” ar seisean, “Lonán m’ainim.” N. 202. Bíodh ’fhios agat nach Séimidh Phádruig Dhuibh d’ainm níos fuide. CO. 4. Ní Iacob a bheidh mar ainm ort feast ach Israél. BN. i. 72. Nár inis sé dhuit gur Chéile Dé é? S. 102. Feic §§198, 248.

This rule is well-established and commented upon in Graiméar Gaeilge na mBráithre Críostaí (the most authoritative Standard Irish grammar), by O’Nolan in his books, in Gnás na Gaedhilge by Cormac Ó Cadhlaigh.

#Gaeilge #Gaelainn #gramadach

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This means that there is a difference between:

is Séamus ainm a mhic ‘Séamus is the name of his son’

and

is é Séamus a rinne é ‘it’s Séamus who did it’

sub-predicate pronoun is only put before (definite) name referring to a specific person.

#Gaeilge #Gaelainn #gramadach

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Nua-Chorpas na hÉireann results from texts by native speakers showing many instances of ‘gur ⟨name⟩ an t-ainm a bhí air’ and similar structures, eg. ‘gur John Paul a bhí ort’, ‘gur Micí is ainm dom’, ‘gur Máirtín a bhí ar fhear an phíopa’, ‘gur Bríd a tugadh ort’ without any pronoun after the copular forms.

Nua-Chorpas na hÉireann results from texts by native speakers showing many instances of ‘gur ⟨name⟩ an t-ainm a bhí air’ and similar structures, eg. ‘gur John Paul a bhí ort’, ‘gur Micí is ainm dom’, ‘gur Máirtín a bhí ar fhear an phíopa’, ‘gur Bríd a tugadh ort’ without any pronoun after the copular forms.

One interesting rule of #Irish #grammar that many people struggle with, but it seems well alive in native Irish. A 🧵.

If a proper name (of person or place) is referring to the name itself, & not to a specific person, it’s treated as indefinite after the copula.

#Gaeilge #Gaelainn #gramadach

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A screenshot of p17 of the New Irish Grammar by The Christian Brothers (1980) talking about adjectives and aspiration: 
"[an attributive adjective is aspired] when it qualifies a plural noun which ends in a slender consonant:
Tá na fir mhóra ag obair, ag na fir mhóra, leis na capaill bhána, ag moladh fir mhaithe.
adjectives qualifying caoirigh (sheep) are not aspirated: 
na caoirigh beaga bána."

A screenshot of p17 of the New Irish Grammar by The Christian Brothers (1980) talking about adjectives and aspiration: "[an attributive adjective is aspired] when it qualifies a plural noun which ends in a slender consonant: Tá na fir mhóra ag obair, ag na fir mhóra, leis na capaill bhána, ag moladh fir mhaithe. adjectives qualifying caoirigh (sheep) are not aspirated: na caoirigh beaga bána."

So Irish has specific grammatical rules for.....sheep. 🤔

New Irish Grammar by The Christian Brothers, 1980, p17.

#Gaeilge #Gaeilinn #gramadach #grammar

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Robin as Batman ag foghlaim teangacha, agus ag tabhairt amach go bhfuil sé deacair.

Robin as Batman ag foghlaim teangacha, agus ag tabhairt amach go bhfuil sé deacair.

Tuigim do chás, Robin. Tuigim do chás.
#gaeilge #gramadach #foghlaim

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Post image

#grammar #grammaire #Grammatik #gramadach

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Gaeilgeoirí: why, WHY, does autocorrect insist on changing the word BE to b'é? What is it trying to say? We've never typed that in our lives. Tá cúpla focal againn, ach níl go leor againn a bhaint úsáid as b'é. Does it even mean anything? #gaeilge #spéirgorm #speirgorm #gramadach

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