Lady Raffles or Olivia Mariamne was the wife of Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, British Lieutenant Governor of Java (1811 – 1816). The Lady Raffles Monument was built by Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles to commemorate his wife who died on 20 November 1814 in Bogor at the age of 43 due to suffering from malaria. Olivia Mariamne introduced social reform to Javanese society when Raffles served in the Dutch East Indies.

Lady Raffles Monument, a monument to Raffles' love, circa 1900 and 2022
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