The effect of oral belzutifan on retinal hemangioblastomas in von Hippel–Lindau syndrome To assess the effect of belzutifan, a first-in-class oral hypoxia-inducible factor 2α inhibitor, on retinal hemangioblastoma (RH) outcomes.

This retrospective cohort study assesses the effect of belzutifan, a first-in-class oral hypoxia-inducible factor 2α inhibitor, on retinal hemangioblastoma (RH) outcomes.

bit.ly/cjo_belzutif...

#Ophthalmology #Retina #OcularOncology

Foveal focal scleral nodule A 27-year-old female patient was referred to the Ophthalmology Department for a macular abnormality discovered during a routine optometrist checkup. Her best-corrected visual acuity was 20/20 in both ...

This report illustrates how a routine eye exam led to the diagnosis of a macular abnormality, identified as a foveal focal scleral nodule using advanced imaging.

bit.ly/cjo_foveal-f...

#Ophthalmology #Retina #FocalScleralNodule

Vitreous occlusion of Ahmed glaucoma valve An 80-year-old woman with an Ahmed glaucoma valve and well-controlled intraocular pressure (IOP) in the left eye developed a luxated intraocular lens (IOL) and was referred to our retina service. In t...

This photo essay describes the obstruction of an Ahmed shunt by a vitreous prolapse in an 80-year-old patient with well-controlled intraocular pressure.

bit.ly/cjo_vitreous...

#Ophthalmology #Glaucoma #AhmedGlaucomaValve #VitreousProlapse

Glioblastoma at the temporo-parieto-occipital junction associated with Alice in Wonderland Syndrome Alice in Wonderland Syndrome is a rare disorder of visual perception, body schema, and distortion in the experience of time first described in 1955.1 The syndrome takes its name from the well-known ch...

Alice in Wonderland Syndrome (AIWS) is a rare disorder of visual perception, body schema, and distortion in the experience of time. This report presents a case of AIWS in the setting of glioblastoma multiforme.

bit.ly/cjo_glioblas...

#Ophthalmology #NeuroOphthalmology #Glioblastoma #AIWS

Picture of the front print cover of the April 2026 issue of The Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology.

The April 2026 CJO is now online!

This issue features articles on racial differences in patients with giant cell arteritis, AI-generated content in ophthalmology, socioeconomic status and ocular disease in Canada, and much more.

bit.ly/cjo_61-2_Apr...

#Ophthalmology #ClinicalResearch

Picture of an eye showing symptoms of thyroid eye disease including irritation, redness, dryness, proptosis (bulging eye), and slight lid retraction that creates a startled look.

This study assesses the risk of developing thyroid eye disease (TED) after mRNA COVID-19 vaccination in patients with thyroid dysfunction.

bit.ly/cjo_thyroid-...

#Ophthalmology #ThyroidEyeDisease

Long-term effects of drusenoid pigment epithelial detachment on the retina and the choroid To analyze the long-term effects of drusenoid pigment epithelial detachment (DPED) on the overlying inner and outer retinal layers and the underlying choroid.

From a team in Austria, this article analyzes the long-term effects of drusenoid pigment epithelial detachment (DPED) on the overlying inner and outer retinal layers and the underlying choroid.

bit.ly/cjo_DPED-lon...

#Ophthalmology #Retina

The effect of Quebec’s topography on intraocular SF₆ after pars plana vitrectomy: a case series to improve postoperative safety Intraocular gases (IOGs) like air, sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), and perfluoropropane (C3F8), first described by Ohm in 1911, are important in vitreoretinal surgery to improve anatomical and functional o...

This case series follows postoperative travel of 2 patients who underwent vitreo-retinal surgery with nonexpansile gas and reveals evidence that intraocular pressure can spike dramatically during car travel with modest altitude.

bit.ly/cjo_PPV-post...

#Ophthalmology #Retina #Vitreous

Clinical features and outcomes of melanoma involving eyelid and conjunctiva We sought to describe the long-term outcomes in patients with melanoma involving the eyelid and conjunctiva.

This retrospective study investigates long-term outcomes in patients with melanoma involving the eyelid and conjunctiva and elucidates an important gap in the understanding of this rare disease.

bit.ly/cjo_eyelid-m...

#Ophthalmology #OcularOncology

Effectiveness of assistive devices in improving reading performance in vision rehabilitation patients To evaluate the effectiveness of assistive devices in improving the reading performance of patients in a vision rehabilitation clinic.

Comprehensive vision rehabilitation (VR) includes a diverse range of interventions that are continuously expanding. This study investigates the effectiveness of assistive devices in improving the reading performance of patients in a VR clinic.

bit.ly/cjo_assistiv...

#Ophthalmology #LowVision

Cenegermin treatment for pediatric neurotrophic keratopathy: a systematic review This systematic review evaluates the efficacy and safety of cenegermin in pediatric neurotrophic keratopathy (NK), assessing treatment outcomes, predictors of efficacy, and adverse effects.

This systematic review evaluates the efficacy and safety of cenegermin in pediatric neurotrophic keratopathy (NK), assessing treatment outcomes, predictors of efficacy, and adverse effects.

bit.ly/cjo_cenegerm...

#Ophthalmology #Cornea #NeurotrophicKeratopathy

Close up view of a photoreaslistic picture of an eye with a slight curvature of light on the cornea depicting open angle glaucoma.

This retrospective case series investigates intraoperative predictors for successful 1-year outcomes of iStent inject for patients with open angle glaucoma.

bit.ly/cjo_iStent-i...

#Ophthalmology #Cataract #Glaucoma

Periorbital Rosai–Dorfman disease: first UK case series Rosai–Dorfman disease (RDD) is a rare histiocytic condition. It typically presents with painless cervical lymphadenopathy in young individuals, often with associated systemic symptoms, such as fever, ...

Rosai–Dorfman disease (RDD) is a rare histiocytic condition. This report presents the first UK case series of periocular RDD and highlights the clinical heterogeneity and necessity for thorough systemic evaluation.

bit.ly/cjo_periorbi...

#Ophthalmology #RosaiDorfmanDisease

Corneal endothelial and ocular biometric parameters in children with history of retinopathy of prematurity and treated with laser or intravitreal injections To investigate corneal endothelial and ocular biometric parameters in children with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) treated with intravitreal injection (IVI) of anti-vascular endothelial growth facto...

This study investigates corneal endothelial and ocular biometric parameters in children with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) treated with intravitreal injection (IVI) of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or laser photocoagulation.

bit.ly/cjo_retinopa...

#Ophthalmology #Retinopathy

Combined consecutive bilateral occlusive vasculitis and CMV retinitis in immunosuppression with JAK Inhibitor Since their introduction in 2012, Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors have transformed the management of autoimmune diseases in both systemic and ophthalmological conditions. However, their expanding use ha...

This report illustrates a case of combined consecutive bilateral occlusive vasculitis and cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis during treatment with upadacitinib, a selective Janus kinase (JAK1) inhibitor. A literature review is included.

bit.ly/cjo_JAK-inhi...

#Ophthalmology #Uveitis #JAKInhibitor

A rare diagnosis in young eyes: clinical insights from a pediatric cohort with Thygeson’s superficial punctate keratitis Thygeson superficial punctate keratitis (TSPK) is a rare, chronic epithelial keratitis first described in 1961,1 characterized by recurrent exacerbations of punctate epithelial lesions, typically bila...

Thygeson superficial punctate keratitis (TSPK) is a rare, chronic epithelial keratitis. This study aims to characterize pediatric TSPK by assessing demographics, disease evolution, and treatment options.

bit.ly/cjo_pediatri...

#Ophthalmology #Cornea #Keratitis

Utility of optical coherence tomography in anticipation of visual outcomes in endophthalmitis To investigate whether specific findings on optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients with endophthalmitis are correlated with visual prognosis.

Endophthalmitis is a severe eye infection of the vitreous and aqueous humour. This study investigates whether specific findings on optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients with endophthalmitis are correlated with visual prognosis.

bit.ly/cjo_OCT-endo...

#Ophthalmology #OcularImaging

Long-term prognosis of repeat Type I Boston keratoprosthesis The Boston Type I keratoprosthesis (B-KPro) is a synthetic corneal implant used to restore vision in cases of corneal blindness. While the B-KPro can achieve a visual acuity of better than 20/200, it ...

The Boston Type I keratoprosthesis (B-KPro) is a synthetic corneal implant used to restore vision in cases of corneal blindness. This study evaluates long-term outcomes of patients undergoing repeat B-KPro after failure of the initial implant.

bit.ly/cjo_long-ter...

#Ophthalmology #Cornea #BKPro

Seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder in an 87-year-old patient: remission without immunosuppression Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a rare, aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibody-mediated, autoimmune demyelinating condition that primarily affects the optic nerve and spinal cord. NMOSD has an ...

This report presents a rare case of seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) in an 87-year-old patient.

bit.ly/cjo_seroposi...

#Ophthalmology #NeuroOphthalmalogy #NMOSD

An infographic that summarizes the main findings of a study titled "Comparative efficacy of aflibercept, bevacizumab, and ranibizumab on hard exudate resolution in diabetic macular edema" from the February 2026 issue of The Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology.

This month’s visual abstract summarizes a study that compares the efficacy of aflibercept, bevacizumab, and ranibizumab for resolution of diabetic macular edema-associated hard exudates (HEs).

bit.ly/cjo_comparin...

#Ophthalmology #Retina #DiabeticMacularEdema

Prospective study of blepharoptosis after plaque radiotherapy To prospectively describe the degree of blepharoptosis among patients who underwent plaque radiotherapy.

This study investigates the degree of blepharoptosis among patients who underwent plaque radiotherapy.

bit.ly/cjo_blepharo...

#Ophthalmology #Blepharoptosis #OculoplasticSurgery

Looks can be deceiving: a case of Rho-associated retinitis pigmentosa sine pigmento in a 74-year-old man A 74-year-old man with a history of dry eye and elevated intraocular pressures (IOP) presented to neuro-ophthalmology with chronic, progressive bilateral peripheral vision loss. About 1 year prior, he...

Genetic testing can be an invaluable tool for identifying nonclassic presentations of retinitis pigmentosa. This report illustrates a diagnostic path to uncovering a case of Rho-associated retinitis sine pigmento.

bit.ly/cjo_retiniti...

#Ophthalmology #Retina #RetinitisPigmentosa

Quantifying the repeatability and reproducibility of Dr. Noon CVD, AI software as medical device for cardiovascular risk assessment via retinal imaging To evaluate the repeatability and reproducibility of the Dr.Noon CVD, an artificial intelligence software as a medical device that assesses cardiovascular risk from retinal photographs by providing ri...

This study evaluates the repeatability and reproducibility of Dr.Noon CVD, an artificial intelligence software as a medical device (AI-SaMD) that assesses cardiovascular risk from retinal photographs.

bit.ly/cjo_DrNoonCV...

#Ophthalmology #ArtificialIntelligence #CVD

Choroidal features on widefield optical coherence tomography angiography in eyes with circumscribed choroidal hemangioma To evaluate choroidal morphologic and vascular findings in eyes with circumscribed choroidal hemangioma (CCH) in a 21 mm × 26 mm widefield (WF) OCT-Angiography (OCTA; VG200D: Intalight Inc., San Jose,...

From a team in Austria, this study provides an in-depth analysis of choroidal features in patients with circumscribed choroidal hemangioma (CCH) assessed by multimodal imaging.

bit.ly/cjo_OCTA-cho...

#Ophthalmology #OcularOncology #OcularImaging

Biomarkers of microvascular retinal perfusion in OCTA indicative of coronary heart disease To assess changes in retinal perfusion and microvascular architecture associated with coronary artery stenosis (CAS) due to coronary heart disease (CHD) and establish optical coherence tomography angi...

Retinal imaging with OCTA might offer a noninvasive screening modality for cardiovascular risk assessment. This study investigates the association between maximal stenosis and retinal microvascular parameters in 512 patients.

bit.ly/cjo_biomarke...

#Ophthalmology #RetinalPerfusion #OCTA

Localized conjunctival amyloidosis masquerading as chronic papillary conjunctivitis A 41-year-old man presented with a 6-month history of unilateral ocular redness and white discharge, without pain, pruritus, visual change, or systemic symptoms. The inferior eyelid revealed intense p...

This photo essay illustrates a case of localized conjunctival amyloidosis masquerading as chronic papillary conjunctivitis in a 41-year-old patient.

bit.ly/cjo_localize...

#Ophthalmology #ConjunctivalAmyloidosis

Isolated type 2 retinal astrocytic hamartoma associated with arterio-arterial collateral formation in the absence of systemic phakomatoses Retinal astrocytic hamartomas (RAH) are benign, disorganized proliferations of retinal fibrous glial cells, which are predominantly astrocytes. Astrocytes develop in the early phase of embryology, dis...

This report presents a case of isolated type 2 retinal astrocytic hamartoma (RAH) associated with arterio-arterial collateral formation, in the absence of systemic phakomatoses.

bit.ly/cjo_retinal-...

#Ophthalmology #Retina #Vitreous

Blood banks saving sight: collaboration for successful treatment of ligneous conjunctivitis The purpose of this study was to report the presentation and outcomes of three cases of ligneous conjunctivitis (LC) treated successfully with topical plasminogen concentrate (TPC).

This study presents three cases of ligneous conjunctivitis (LC) treated successfully with topical plasminogen concentrate (TPC), and examines the potential role of blood banks in saving sight.

bit.ly/cjo_blood-ba...

#Ophthalmology #Cornea #LigneousConjunctivitis

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis mimicking giant cell arteritis We describe a 60-year-old woman with previously diagnosed adult-onset asthma and blood eosinophilia, who noticed intermittent diplopia and recurrent episode of amaurosis fugax. She had markedly enlarg...

This case report illustrates that medium-sized artery involvement in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), although rare, can mimic giant cell arteritis (GCA).

bit.ly/cjo_EGPA-mim...

#Ophthalmology #NeuroOphthalmalogy

Unilateral nystagmus in a patient with multiple sclerosis The efferent visual system is variably affected in multiple sclerosis (MS) and includes abnormalities of motility, fixation, and altered vestibulo-ocular responses, including nystagmus.1 Acquired pend...

Unilateral nystagmus is a rare form of spontaneous eye movements with an uncertain pathophysiology. This report details a novel case of unilateral nystagmus in a patient with MS, secondary to a right midbrain lesion.

bit.ly/cjo_nystagmu...

#Ophthalmology #NeuroOphthalmalogy #Nystagmus